Xuefang Hao

1 Introduction Various cardiovascular devices, including vascular grafts, stents, valves, and venous catheters, are intended for blood contact. However, thrombogenesis remains a critical factor contributing to the short- and long-term failure of these devices (Rodriguez-Soto et al., 2021; Rodriguez-Soto et al., 2021).

Recently, red blood cell (RBC) membrane has been used as mimetic nanocoating of nanoparticles for drug delivery systems to promote the biocompatibility. In the present study, nano-sized RBC membrane coated on the surface of gene complexes through electrostatic interaction to prepare biomimetic gene delivery systems so as to improve their biocompatibility and prolong their circulation time in vivo.

Biocompatibility, stability and high efficiency profiles are critical points for promoting the practical application of gene delivery systems. The incorporation of cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), REDV, and nuclear localization signal (NLS) peptide sequence has been considered to be a promising strategy for developing efficient gene carriers to transfect vascular endothelial cells (ECs).