Xuehu Yan

1. Introduction With the continuous expansion of network applications, large-scale network assets, diverse service types, and rapid state changes have become key characteristics of network situations. In the field of network measurement, research often focuses on revealing the complexity of the network topology [1,2] and identifying potential security vulnerabilities [3,4,5,6]. IP node port service scanning, as an important step in information acquisition, has been widely studied by researchers.