Yee Chen Lau

1 Introduction Increasing anthropogenic threats to deep ocean ecosystems span several sources including resource extraction, waste dumping, fishery activities and climate change (reviewed in Ramirez-Llodra et al. 2011 and Harris 2020). Biogenic ecosystems, dominated by large epibenthic taxa, typify deep-sea regions most likely impacted by and slow to recover from anthropogenic activity.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the predominant primary malignancy of the liver, accounting for a substantial global mortality burden and ranking third among cancer-related causes of death.1 While several management strategies ranging from transplantation to localized therapies have been proposed, surgical resection remains a cornerstone in the treatment of HCC with some early-stage HCC patients, achieving a 5-year survival of up to 50%-70%.2,3 Unfortunately, many patients who undergo...

Colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRC) is a complex, heterogeneous disease. Progress has been made to better understand the genomic profiling and classification of CRC [1]. In 2015, the Colorectal Cancer Subtyping Consortium described a novel classification system for CRC [1]. By utilizing genome wide analysis, recurring patterns were identified. CRCs were reclassified based on these recurring patterns into four distinct consensus molecular subtypes (CMS 1, 2, 3 and 4).