Yeong Seok Goh

1. Introduction Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major cause of blindness in patients with diabetes that interferes with the normal interaction of the retinal nerves and vascular components, resulting in vascular permeability, neovascularization, and loss of nerve function [1]. Although vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibition or laser therapy has been developed to treat DR, it is limited in that it slows the progression of the disease but cannot restore visual function [2].