Yeongbin Kim

1 Introduction Energy (like electron or phonon) transport across a potential barrier is of fundamental interest for electrically or thermally conductive devices and materials. Electron tunneling occurs through a thin insulating potential energy barrier due to its wave-like nature [1-3]. The tunneling probability depends exponentially on barrier width (δB) and height (λB), making the tunneling current extremely sensitive to small variations in these parameters [2, 3].