Yiizamy Suffian

Abstract Tetracycline (TC) contamination remains difficult to control because conventional wastewater treatment processes often do not fully remove persistent antibiotic residues. Although Fe doping and BiVO4/g-C3N4 heterojunction formation have been reported previously, the composition-dependent behavior of Fe-doped BiVO4/g-C3N4 photocatalysts under low-intensity UVC irradiation remains insufficiently clarified.

1 Introduction Calophyllum canum Hook. f. ex T. Anderson, is a large evergreen tree of the Calophyllaceae family, with the taxonomic synonym of Calophyllum borneense Vesque, and known by the Malaysian locals as ‘bintangor merah’. This species is widely distributed across Malaysia, Sumatra, and Northwestern Borneo, and thrives in well-drained mixed dipterocarp forests to peat swamps, exhibiting its adaptability up to altitudes of 1200 meters [1, 2].