Ying Ai

Traumatic brain injury (TBI), spinal cord injury (SCI), and ischemic stroke are major causes of death and long-term neurological disability. Global Burden of Disease 2021 estimates indicate that TBI accounted for about 20.84 million new cases worldwide, with 37.93 million people living with TBI and approximately 5.48 million years lived with disability.

Introduction Infertility is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the inability to achieve a successful pregnancy after at least 12 months of regular, unprotected intercourse. It has become an increasingly severe global health issue, affecting approximately one in six couples of reproductive age and imposing significant psychological, social, and economic burdens on individuals, families, and society at large (1).