Ying-Fan Lin

1 Introduction With the rise in energy consumption and mounting concerns about greenhouse gas emissions, the aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES) system has received increasing attention in recent decades (Klepikova, Le Borgne, et al., 2016; Lin et al., 2019; Tang & Rijnaarts, 2023). The application of ATES can reduce dependency on conventional heating and cooling resources, thereby lowering costs and CO2 emissions.

1. Introduction The wave equation is fundamental for modeling wave propagation phenomena, such as sound, light, and water waves, across various scientific and engineering fields [1,2,3]. Understanding wave behavior is crucial for applications in acoustics, optics, and fluid dynamics. Integrating wave mechanics into engineering practices enhances system design and functionality in wave-related applications [4].

CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT The authors declare no conflict of interest. REFERENCES 1, , , et al. Global Warming of 1.5 C: IPCC Special Report on Impacts of Global Warming of 1.5 C Above Pre-Industrial Levels in Context of Strengthening Response to Climate Change, Sustainable Development, and Efforts to Eradicate Poverty. Cambridge University Press; 2022. 2, , , , Greenhouse gas emission savings of ground source heat pump systems in Europe: a review. Renew Sustain Energy Rev.