Yingfeng Su

CASE REPORT article Volume 12 - 2025 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fsurg.2025.1690927 1 Introduction A pedicle screw is an orthopedic surgical device designed to provide robust spinal fixation via insertion through the pedicle. The concept of posterior spinal instrumentation dates back to the use of spinous processes, with Dr. Hadra applying it to treat Pott's disease in 1891.

1 INTRODUCTION Chronic respiratory diseases have become a widespread public health problem worldwide and are now one of the leading causes of death globally; most chronic respiratory diseases are caused by long-term airway inflammation, which can be exacerbated by environmental factors such as cigarette smoke, industrial pollutants, and pollen.1 The nasal cavity serves as both the gateway organ for respiratory airflow into the body, and the primary structure for particulate matter entrained...