Yinglun Li

All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. For articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. For more information, please refer to https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess.

1 INTRODUCTION Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent condition that affects the liver worldwide. It is a chronic liver disease characterized by the accumulation of lipids, inflammation, and insulin resistance (IR).1 NAFLD is closely linked to obesity, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic syndrome.

1. Introduction The pollution caused by heavy metals and their impact on the environment has been increasing, with their effects extending to different environmental compartments such as water, soil, and atmosphere (1, 2). Among the 17 prominent food contaminants identified by the World Health Organization (WHO), cadmium (Cd) occupies the third position, after aflatoxin and arsenic.