Yingqi Feng

Abstract Alzheimer’s disease (AD) research has transcended the traditional paradigm centered on amyloid-beta (Aβ) shifting toward a neuroimmune network perspective. This article systematically elucidates the evolving mechanisms underlying disease progression, from neuroimmune interactions to intercellular communication. Studies indicate that microglial and astrocytic dysfunctions are key contributors to disease progression, operating within a complex multifactorial framework.

1Clinical Anatomy & Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China 2Hengyang Hospital of Hunan Normal University & Hengyang Central Hospital, Hengyang, Hunan, China Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects 5–15% of reproductive-aged women and involves significant metabolic dysregulation, for which nutritional interventions show therapeutic potential.

1. Introduction Efficient, sustainable methods for thienothiophene (TT) synthesis have been increasingly developed because these compounds are crucial in the fields of fine chemicals, biodiagnostics, and electronic and optoelectronic devices. TTs have four regional isomers based on the position of two sulfur atoms: thieno[3,2-b]thiophene, thieno[2,3-b]thiophene, thieno[3,4-b]thiophene, and thieno[3,4-c]thiophene [1,2,3,4].