Yingqiao Dang

1 INTRODUCTION The impacts of global warming on organisms are becoming increasingly evident.1, 2 As temperatures climb, species at different trophic levels engage in what amounts to an evolutionary arms race – each employing varying thermal tolerances and survival strategies.3 While lower-trophic species typically serve as prey, they are far from defenseless in this thermal competition.

Dastarcus helophoroides (Coleoptera: Bothrideridae) is an effective natural enemy against longhorn beetles in China. However, the high cost of rearing, resulting from laborious traditional artificial methods, is the primary obstacle to applying this natural enemy in biological control programs. An efficient rearing system for D. helophoroides was developed, which reduces the rearing costs, by adjusting the rearing space, horizontal or vertical placement of rearing tubes, and parasitoid placement.