Yingrui Zhao

1 Introduction Submarine hydrothermal vents—both high-temperature peridotite-hosted systems like Rainbow (≈360°C) and low-temperature ones like Lost City (≈115°C)—are considered potential sites for the origin of life due to their H2-richness from serpentinization, chemically reactive environments, and natural inorganic catalysts [1-4].

Spark Ablation: a dry, physical, and continuous method to prepare powdery metal nanoparticle-based catalysts† We report the first synthesis of a powdery heterogeneous catalyst using spark ablation technology. A TiO2 powder is aerosolized in a vortex and injected close to the electrode of a spark ablation nanoparticles generator, to be decorated with Ni nanoparticles. The resulting Ni/TiO2 catalyst is readily active in the hydrogenation of CO2 to methane.