Yingsha Yao

Abstract Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder associated with environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals, particularly bisphenols (BPs) such as bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol S (BPS). BPs may disrupt reproductive and metabolic pathways through estrogenic, anti-androgenic, and obesogenic effects, contributing to the pathogenesis of PCOS. However, the epidemiological evidence remains inconsistent.

3. Results 3.1. Estimate the Sample Size In the pre-experiment, the sensitivity and specificity of the test for PCOS patients were approximately 0.7 and 0.75, respectively. The calculated sample size for the EPL group should be no less than 89 individuals, while the control group should have a sample size of at least 79 people. Similarly, for non-PCOS patients, the sensitivity and specificity of the pre-experiment were about 0.7 and 0.8, respectively.

1. Introduction Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most common gynecological cancer in high-income countries. Its incidence is rising globally, with 417,000 new diagnoses made in 2020 [1,2]. EC usually presents at an early stage with postmenopausal bleeding [3]. Around 15% of all diagnoses are made pre-menopause [4]. The disease burden is expected to increase due to the aging of the general population and an overall increase in the prevalence of obesity [1].