Yingshan Chen

Abstract Global climate extremes and intensifying water supply–demand imbalance have increased the uncertainty and variability of regional water availability. Conventional irrigation regimes fail to adapt to dynamic crop water requirements under real-time climate fluctuations and spatial water demand heterogeneity, limiting yield improvement and water-use efficiency.

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1 Introduction The sustainable utilization of agricultural soil and water resources is crucial for food security. As the world's largest user of water and land resources, the agricultural sector’s sustainable utilization of soil and water resources seeks to confront the challenges arising from multiple changing environments (Urruty et al., 2016; Wijerathna-Yapa & Pathirana, 2022). Two immediate challenges are climate change and land use change (Alijani et al., 2020; Anderson et al., 2020).