Yingxiong Wu

Abstract Building structure is composed of thousands of various components, and its damage development path and damage modes are complex and diverse. The variation in structural damage modes leads to degradation in structural functionality, consequently influencing the overall seismic resilience of the system. Accordingly, the progressive and intricate nature of damage evolution must be explicitly incorporated into the assessment of structural seismic resilience.

1. Introduction In recent years, studies have determined that seismic buildings located far from the earthquake-source produce strong seismic responses [1,2,3]. The ground motion of a component is rich for a long period, and this type of natural long vibration periods easily cause isolation structure resonance and enhance its seismic response; therefore, the potential of the damaging ability of long-period ground motions should be seriously considered [4].