Yingxue Cao

INTRODUCTION Alkaline stress is a global issue that greatly restricts crop production and thus poses a major challenge to the agriculture industry (Guo et al., 2025). According to a report by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations in 2021, more than 1.1 billion ha of arable land have been affected by salinity and sodicity, with approximately 40% arable land classified as sodic fields characterized by high pH and high sodium bicarbonate and sodium carbonate levels.

1 Introduction Soybean (Glycine max) is an imperative crop due to its high protein and oil content. However, the salt-alkali stress poses challenge to soybean production. Elevated salt concentrations exert multiple adverse effects on soybean, including osmotic stress due to reduced water availability, cellular dehydration, and disruptions in ion homeostasis caused by the excessive accumulation of sodium and chloride ions (Feng et al. 2023).

1. Introduction The increasing emphasis on the safety and well-being of individuals working under high temperatures is driven by heightened safety awareness and improvements in living standards. Studies indicate that engagement in activities within high-temperature thermal settings can adversely affect human work efficiency.