Yingyi Zhao

1 Introduction Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory skin disorder affecting approximately 2%–3% of the global population, profoundly impairing patients’ physical health, psychological well-being, and quality of life [1, 2]. Clinically, it is characterized by erythematous plaques covered with silvery scales, epidermal hyperplasia, and abnormal keratinocyte proliferation [3].

Abstract Urban vegetation, a key nature-based solution for mitigating heat stress, is critical as global warming, and urban heat islands amplify high temperatures in cities, affecting over half the global population. Yet, its potential warming effects remain unquantified globally, with mechanisms unclear.

Data availability The data that support the findings of this study include Harmonized Landsat and Sentinel-2 V2.0 dataset, openly available at doi: 10.5067/HLS/HLSL30.002, LiDAR point cloud data, openly available at doi: 10.48443/hj77-kf64, high-resolution airborne imagery, openly available at doi: 10.48443/gdgn-3r69, Daymet climate data, openly available at doi: 10.3334/ORNLDAAC/2129, and SoilGrids dataset, openly available at https://soilgrids.org/.