Yingying Jing

1 Introduction Fluorescence nanoscopy enables relatively safe study of biological phenomena with key advantages of noninvasive labeling, high specificity for targets, and high temporal resolution [1, 2]. However, the detailed capture of the submicron-scale structure cannot be perceived due to the diffraction limitation of light by conventional fluorescent imaging microscopy [3, 4].

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Abstract With an increasingly aging society, bone defects and fractures have become significant threats to human health and quality of life. Currently, autologous and allogeneic bone grafts remain the “gold standard” for the clinical treatment of bone repair. However, bone transplantation is still clinically insufficient, owing to its substantial limitations, such as graft rejection, donor functional defects, and risk of infection.