Yinhua Li

Abstract Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder with elusive pathogenesis and lack of targeted therapies. While exercise can ameliorate ASD-like behaviors, its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Recent studies have identified dysbiosis of gut microbiota and altered levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), as critical contributors to ASD-associated behavioral abnormalities.

This study was approved by the Human Scientific Ethics Committee of the local hospital (No. 2019-KY-176). From January 2011 to August 2021, 60 patients with PXAs histopathologically according to 2016 WHO criteria received surgery at our hospital and the informed consents were obtained. Then, the histopathological evaluation was adapted to the new 2021 WHO guidelines. As shown in Fig.

Introduction Syphilis, a chronic systemic infection, is usually sexually transmitted and characterized by episodes of active disease with periods of latency.1 The spirochete Treponema pallidum was identified as the causative organism of syphilis over 100 years ago. Studies of early syphilis in the 1940s showed that T. pallidum was able to multiply twofold in 30–33 h. T.