Yinming Li

1 Introduction Precise characterization of cellular heterogeneity and spatial organization is fundamental to understanding tissue development [1-3], homeostasis [4-6], and disease pathogenesis [7-10]. Although single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has revolutionized the identification of diverse cell types across organs, its lack of spatial context hinders the accurate annotation of cell types and the interpretation of their functions, especially in complex or poorly characterized tissues.