Yongyong Song

1. Introduction The conflict between economic growth and environmental pollution is a common dilemma that is difficult to avoid in the process of industrialization in all countries in the world.

1. Introduction Urbanization represents a significant trend in society’s development in the 21st century, particularly in developing countries. However, influenced by factors such as deindustrialization, resource depletion, and political shifts, the countervailing phenomenon of urban shrinkage, which is marked by population loss and economic recession, is constantly emerging in various corners of the world [1,2,3], posing severe challenges to the conventional notion of urban growth.

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