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Articles

Upper troposphere aerosol formation enhanced by monsoon lofted pollution

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By Christina J. Williamson, Stephan Borrmann, Philipp Brauner, Charles Brock, Teresa Campos, Theodoros Christoudias, Francesco D’Amato, Oliver Eppers, Shawn B. Honomichl, Matthias Kohl, Franziska Köllner, Agnieszka Kupc, Young Lee, Ming Lyu, Georgia Michailoudi, Laura L. Pan, Anne E. Perring, Andrea Pozzer, Warren Smith, Rei Ueyama, Kirk Ullmann, Ville Vakkari, Silvia Viciani, Aki Virkkula, Ralf Weigel, Sarah Woods, Christos Xenofontos, Antonis Dragoneas, Dylan Simone, Holger Tost
| Nature Verified
Abstract The Asian Summer Monsoon (ASM) lofts air from polluted boundary layer regions to the upper-troposphere and lower-stratosphere. High concentrations of aerosols have been observed in ASM outflow, which influence climate by interacting with radiation and clouds and affecting atmospheric composition. Prior observations indicate that small particles form in ASM convective outflow.
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Hypoxia-related gene signatures and PRMT5 define radiation resistance and prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

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By Su Il Kim, Min Lee, Young Lee, Jung Lee, Seong-Gyu Ko, Young-Gyu Eun, Mi Gyeong Jeong, Yeonseo Lee, Minji Bae, Harim Joo, Ji-Ung Yang, Soonki Min, Moonkyoo Kong
| Nature Verified
Abstract Tumor hypoxia is known to play a crucial role in the progression and treatment resistance of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic significance of hypoxia-related gene signatures and to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying radiation resistance. Patients with HNSCC were divided into hypoxia-related low-risk (hypoxia-LR; n = 198) and high-risk (hypoxia-HR; n = 316) subgroups based on hypoxia-associated gene expression profiles.
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cGAS-mediated type I IFN signaling contributes to disease progression in drug-refractory epilepsy

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By Yige Huang, Li Fan, Zhuofan Lei, Balaji Krishnamachary, Daphne Zhu, Ravi Kumar Nagiri, Kendra M. Norman, Maitreyee Bhagwat, Young Lee, Hui Li, Jingjie Zhu, Sadaf Amin, Kelli Lauderdale, Hao Chen, Wenjie Luo, Shiaoching Gong, Benjamin Liechty, Jorge J. Palop, Subhash C. Sinha, Junfang Wu, Mingrui Zhao, Mika P. Cadiz
| Nature Verified
Abstract Epilepsy is a prevalent neurological disease, with one-third of individuals becoming nonresponsive to antiepileptic drugs and developing drug-refractory epilepsy (DRE). Here we identify activation of cyclic GMP–AMP synthase (cGAS), a double-stranded DNA sensor that induces type I interferon (IFN) signaling, in human DRE brain tissue. Microglia from individuals with DRE exhibit a robust type I IFN signature and the activation of upstream cGAS–STING signaling.
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