Younhee Jeong

1 Introduction Early ambulation is an essential nursing intervention for enhancing postoperative outcomes and is considered one of the most effective strategies for reducing hospital length of stay (Olson et al. 2021; Tazreean et al. 2022). Beyond expediting discharge, timely mobilization lessens the risk of common postoperative complications and accelerates functional recovery (Kanejima et al. 2020).

1 Introduction Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become a growing health concern worldwide (Carney 2020; The Korean Society of Nephrology 2022, November 18). Although survival is the primary goal of treatment for patients with kidney disorders, prolongation of life through haemodialysis (HD) has led to health-related quality of life (HR-QOL) becoming an important indicator in the treatment of patients undergoing HD (de Brito et al. 2019; Janssen et al. 2015).

Measurements The participants’ general characteristics and the variables included in the hypothetical model were measured using self-report questionnaires. The disease-related characteristics were assessed through electronic medical records at the two hospitals. All tools were approved for use and modification by the developers.