Yu Fan Sim

Abstract Malocclusion is a prevalent condition worldwide. When associated with an underlying Skeletal Class 2 or 3 discrepancy, malocclusion may require treatment beyond orthodontic correction. Orthognathic Surgery (OGS) is a routine treatment to correct dentofacial deformity which results in changes of patient’s facial form in all dimensions.

1 Background Frailty is a clinically recognisable state of increased vulnerability resulting from ageing-associated decline in reserve and functions across multiple physiologic systems [1]. Correspondingly, the concept of oral frailty was proposed to highlight the interrelationship between deteriorating oral function and the development and progression of general frailty [2]. Oral frailty has been defined as an age-related functional decline of orofacial structures [3].

1 Introduction Traditionally, teeth diagnosed with extensive dentinal caries and irreversible pulpitis are managed with root canal treatments (RCT) (European Society of Endodontology 2006). However, RCT can weaken the tooth structure, increasing the risk of fracture (Kishen 2006; Lang et al. 2006; Reeh et al. 1989; Zelic et al. 2015) and can be costly for patients (Wigsten et al. 2024).