Yubo Han

1. Introduction It is well known that the underwater acoustic channel is one of the most intricate wireless communication channels, particularly under conditions of low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and pronounced Doppler effects. In order to address the challenges posed by low SNR and to achieve robust underwater acoustic communication, extensive research efforts have been undertaken [1,2,3,4].

1. Introduction Sandstone thin section identification plays a crucial role in geological research and the exploration of oil and gas resources. Traditionally, experts manually observe and analyze the composition and structure of sandstone thin sections, marking the boundaries between mineral particles and pores to identify the mineral and pore characteristics of the target rock.