Yuman Yin

1 Introduction Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of mortality and reduced life expectancy worldwide (1). These conditions include atrial fibrillation, rheumatic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, hypertensive heart disease, stroke, and ischemic heart disease (IHD) (2, 3). Globally, the number of deaths from CVD increased from 12.33 million in 1990 to 19.45 million in 2021, representing rose by 57.5% (4).

1School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China 2Department of Pediatrics, People’s Hospital of Ningxiang City, Changsha, China 3Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China Objective: The potential of probiotics in the treatment of urticaria has garnered significant attention. However, a systematic assessment of their benefits and risks is lacking.

Jiawang Huang,* Yunfeng Yu,* Zhiying Feng, Yuman Yin, Yi Liu, Xiu Liu, Rong Yu College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, People’s Republic of China *These authors contributed equally to this work Correspondence: Rong Yu, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Xueshi Road 300, Changsha, Hunan, 410208, People’s Republic of China, Email [email protected] Xiu Liu, College of...