Yuou Ying

Abstract Background: Although several medications have been linked to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), the association between most drugs and IBD remains unclear. This study aimed to identify medications most frequently reported in connection with IBD by analyzing large-scale data from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) and the Japan Adverse Drug Event Report (JADER) database.

1 Introduction Acne vulgaris is a prevalent chronic inflammatory dermatological condition predominantly affecting sebaceous glands in densely populated areas such as the face, back, and chest. It manifests clinically as a spectrum of lesions, including closed and open comedones, papules, pustules, nodules, and cysts. Progression of acne may result in skin pigmentation and scarring, severely affecting patients' psychological well-being and quality of life [1].