Yuyin Liu

Disclosure During the preparation of this manuscript, the authors used AI-based translation tools solely for language translation to ensure accurate English expression. No AI tools were used in the study design, data collection, data analysis, interpretation of results, or generation of figures/tables. After using the translation tools, the authors reviewed and edited all translated content as needed and take full responsibility for the final manuscript.

Abstract Background: Otitis media (OM) represents a major global health burden, particularly in children. While its association with socioeconomic development is recognized, the complex temporal dynamics across developmental stages remain unclear. This study analyzes the multidimensional relationship between the Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) and OM burden to inform targeted health strategies.

Data sharing: The data that support the findings of this study and research materials, as well as experimental procedures and protocols, are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.