Zengfu Wang

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1. Introduction State-of-the-art radar scheduling approaches have enabled higher flexibility for tracking smart targets through phased array radar networks, where real-time beam direction control is handled electronically [1,2,3,4]. Dynamic tracking of smart targets, which have the ability to be aware that they are being tracked and adapt their dynamics accordingly to hinder tracking accuracy, has drawn recent attention [5,6,7].

1. Introduction With the rapid advancement of aviation, navigation, and unmanned technology, trajectory estimation has emerged as a crucial technology in these fields [1]. The accuracy and real-time performance of trajectory estimation are vital for ensuring navigation safety, enhancing navigation efficiency, and enabling intelligent autonomous navigation [2].