Zhejiang Ningbo Ecological

1 Introduction Cyanobacterial blooms, catastrophic ecological phenomena in freshwater ecosystems caused by the massive proliferation and accumulation of cyanobacteria, have aroused widespread concern worldwide (Paerl and Otten 2013). These cyanobacteria produce a variety of cyanotoxins, including microcystins (MCs), which accumulate through the food chain and pose a significant threat to aquatic life and human health (Pavagadhi and Balasubramanian 2013).

1 Introduction Polymer materials are essential in modern industry due to their exceptional properties—high strength, lightweight, wear and corrosion resistance, along with ease of processing. These advantages make them widely applicable in construction, transportation, electronics, packaging, healthcare, and energy sectors [1]. Therefore, the polymer materials market is huge, and the global market size has exceeded 2 trillion yuan.