Zhikui Chen

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1. Introduction Oceans cover approximately 71% of the Earth’s surface area. As one of the major repositories of the Earth’s biodiversity, oceans have significant ecological, economic, and social value for humankind [1]. Each species in the marine food web and the diverse marine communities play a crucial role in maintaining the balance and health of the marine ecosystem, providing important ecological services to the Earth, such as oxygen production, carbon conservation, and nutrient cycling [2].