Zhiying Wei

1. Introduction This paper presents a combination navigation algorithm designed for vehicles following fixed-motion trajectories in a satellite navigation rejection environment (SNRE). Vehicles with fixed-motion trajectories encompass railcars and vehicles navigating narrow roads. Railcars include high-speed trains, conventional trains, subways, light rail, roller coasters, and so on. Narrow roads are defined as having a width slightly larger than the vehicle’s body width.

Low temperature fuel cells (LTFCs) present promising technical solutions for enabling broad applications of green Hydrogen energy. However, the efficiencies and durability of LTFCs are limited by the dynamic water evolution and transport, especially when they are operated at high current densities. Developing water monitoring techniques therefore presents a crucial strategy for optimizing the designs and operating schemes of LTFCs, and eventually overcoming such water management issues.

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