Zhongzeng Zhou

Abstract Wearable sweat biosensors enable noninvasive molecular monitoring, but reliable and comfortable on-demand sweat induction remains challenging. We developed a soft, skin-conformal wearable device that integrates ultrasound-assisted sweat generation with electrochemical sensing. Low-frequency ultrasound enhanced transdermal delivery of carbachol from a hydrogel reservoir, inducing localized sweat secretion under resting conditions without electrical current or skin penetration.

1 Introduction AD, an ongoing threat to human well-being, is the most common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by severe cognitive impairment.[1] Given the lack of effective eradication means to date, it is crucial to enable timely intervention and treatment for early diagnosis.[1, 2] The gold standard of AD diagnosis is the quantitative detection in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).[3-5] However, CSF samples are obtained by lumbar puncture, an invasive procedure prone to pain and health...