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Articles by Zi Yang
Dynamics and activation of the Legionella Type IV secretion system
Abstract Legionella pneumophila uses the Dot/Icm type IV secretion system (T4SS) to translocate hundreds of effector proteins into host cells, yet how this transenvelope machine assembles and becomes secretion competent remains poorly understood. Here, using cryo–electron tomography and in situ single-particle cryo–electron microscopy, we resolve distinct structural and functional states of the native Dot/Icm T4SS.
Unpacking the ‘child-centred’ myth: creating truly inclusive playgrounds in urban spaces
IdiomacatalàDeutschEnglishespañoleuskarafrançaisgalegoitalianoportuguêsromână
Cobalt-Catalyzed B─H Alkenylation of 1,2-Azaborines With Terminal Alkynes
Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Data Availability Statement The data that support the findings of this study are available in the Supporting Information of this article. Supporting Information Filename Description adsc70814-sup-0001-SuppData-S1.pdf4.5 MB Supporting Information for this article is available on the WWW under http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adsc.70814.
Warming Has Limited Effects on Carbon-Use Efficiency of Wheat and Upland Rice Plants—Evidence From a 13 CO 2 Labelling Study
1 Introduction The carbon that is fixed by photosynthesis is allocated to plant organs to support growth and metabolic activities, including CO2 production by respiration (Dewar et al. 1998; Amthor 2000; Chen et al. 2013). Amongst parameters describing carbon allocation, carbon use efficiency (CUE) is defined as the ratio of net primary production (NPP) to gross primary production (GPP), thus representing the efficiency with which plants convert photosynthate into biomass (Chambers et al.
An exploratory assessment of visual attention, wind exposure and spatial visibility in village and resort entrance designs in Yunnan, China
Abstract Entrance design involves visual prominence, wind exposure, and spatial visibility, which are complementary but non-interchangeable attributes. This exploratory study examines five rendered alternatives for Wolong Ancient Fishing Village and Vanke Fuxian Lake Resort Town in Yunnan, China. Image composition and archived heatmap intensity ratings are compared with reported computational fluid dynamics and visibility-graph outputs.
Condensed Matter > Strongly Correlated Electrons
arXivLabs is a framework that allows collaborators to develop and share new arXiv features directly on our website. Both individuals and organizations that work with arXivLabs have embraced and accepted our values of openness, community, excellence, and user data privacy. arXiv is committed to these values and only works with partners that adhere to them. Have an idea for a project that will add value for arXiv's community? Learn more about arXivLabs.
Economics > General Economics
We study the design of priority pricing systems with heterogeneous agents in environments in which improving quality for some agents reduces the average quality that can be provided. Contrary to the equity-efficiency tradeoff emphasized in public debates, we show that under economically natural conditions priority pricing can Pareto-improve on an equal-allocation benchmark.
Condensed Matter > Strongly Correlated Electrons
[Submitted on 10 Sep 2026 (v1), last revised 22 Sep 2026 (this version, v2)] View PDF HTML (experimental) Comments: Subjects: Strongly Correlated Electrons (cond-mat.str-el) Cite as: arXiv:2609.11745 [cond-mat.str-el] (or arXiv:2609.11745v2 [cond-mat.str-el] for this version) https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2609.11745
Understanding multilingualism: an introduction
IdiomacatalàDeutschEnglishespañoleuskarafrançaisgalegoitalianoportuguêsromână
Higher NO 3 − -N Levels Under Mulberry ( Morus alba L.) Planting Enhanced CAZyme Abundance, Increasing Soil Carbon Stability
1 Introduction Plant-derived carbon (C) (e.g., cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) and microbial-derived C (such as chitin and glucan from fungi, and peptidoglycan from bacteria) constitute major sources of organic compounds entering the soil (Zhang et al. 2022). Microbial decomposition of plant- and microbial-derived C relies on extracellular enzymes.
Air Force Ascendant: Senior PLA Leadership Changes and Their Implications
Amid leadership disruption caused by the purges, the reconstruction of the People’s Liberation Army’s (PLA) high command is underway. Recent reports by the South China Morning Post and Channel News Asia indicate that officers from the PLA Air Force (PLAAF) have recently risen to senior leadership positions, prompting renewed discussions on the significance of this development.
Air Force Ascendant: Senior PLA Leadership Changes and Their Implications
If current trends continue, the PLAAF is likely going to have a greater-than-usual presence on the next Central Military Commission. Chinese airmen parade during a full honors arrival ceremony at the Ministry of National Defense headquarters in Beijing, China, July 12, 2000. Credit: U.S. Department of Defense Subscribe for ads-free reading Amid leadership disruption caused by the purges, the reconstruction of the People’s Liberation Army’s (PLA) high command is underway.
Metal-Free Construction of Alkyl Selenocyanates From Cyclic Sulfonium Salts, Selenium Powder, and Trimethylsilyl Cyanide
Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Data Availability Statement The data that support the findings of this study are available in the Supporting Information of this article.
Metal-Free Construction of Alkyl Selenocyanates From Cyclic Sulfonium Salts, Selenium Powder, and Trimethylsilyl Cyanide
Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Data Availability Statement The data that support the findings of this study are available in the Supporting Information of this article.
Multiome-seq links inflammatory bowel disease polygenic risk to TNF inhibitor response
LAD, JD and ERM received a Crohn's and Colitis Foundation Grant with support from Takeda Pharmaceutical. MK is employed part-time by Datirium, LLC, a bioinformatics software and contract research organization. AB is a co-founder of Datirium, LLC, and is employed part-time by Datirium, LLC. AB is also an unpaid member of the Scientific Advisory Board of Lysosomal & Rare Disorders Research & Treatment Center (LDRTC), LLC.
Substrate recognition and transport mechanism of the human proton-coupled amino-acid transporter 1 (SLC36A1)
Abstract The proton-coupled amino-acid transporter SLC36A1 (hPAT1) is an atypical H⁺-driven carrier and mediates the intestinal absorption of a wide array of zwitterionic amino-acid analogs, including many compounds with central nervous-system (CNS) activity, as well as the activation of the mTORC1 pathway and the export of amino acids from lysosomes, thereby maintaining cellular amino-acid homeostasis.
Promotions Herald a New Leadership for China’s Military Original
While the ongoing purge continues to haunt the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) officer corps – as seen, for example, in the June 26 removal of six military lawmakers from the National People’s Congress – there are signs that Chinese leader Xi Jinping has started assembling the cornerstones of a new Central Military Commission (CMC).
Condensed Matter > Strongly Correlated Electrons
arXivLabs is a framework that allows collaborators to develop and share new arXiv features directly on our website. Both individuals and organizations that work with arXivLabs have embraced and accepted our values of openness, community, excellence, and user data privacy. arXiv is committed to these values and only works with partners that adhere to them. Have an idea for a project that will add value for arXiv's community? Learn more about arXivLabs.
Unwelcome guests? Emotional barriers to adult co-presence in children’s playgrounds
Abstract Playgrounds in dense cities function as shared micro public spaces where adult presence can feel uneasy. Adopting a child-first, adult-enabled stance, this study examines how design signifiers and visibility relate to adults’ emotions and patterns of co-presence. Semi-structured interviews, analysed with grounded theory and informed by pilot observations, trace links among appraisals, contextual cues and coping.
Condensed Matter > Strongly Correlated Electrons
arXivLabs is a framework that allows collaborators to develop and share new arXiv features directly on our website. Both individuals and organizations that work with arXivLabs have embraced and accepted our values of openness, community, excellence, and user data privacy. arXiv is committed to these values and only works with partners that adhere to them. Have an idea for a project that will add value for arXiv's community? Learn more about arXivLabs.
China’s Former Defense Ministers Sentenced to Death With Reprieve: The Reason and the Wider Implications
After nearly two years of investigation, China officially announced on May 7 that former defense ministers and Central Military Commission (CMC) members Wei Fenghe and Li Shangfu had been sentenced to death with a two-year reprieve, along with the confiscation of all personal property. According to the official statement, Wei was found guilty of accepting bribes, while Li took and gave bribes. This marks a significant development in the ongoing People’s Liberation Army (PLA) purge.
Tai Chi as a public health intervention: effects on stress regulation, attention, and psychological resilience in adults
Abstract Background: Chronic psychological stress, impaired attentional functioning, and reduced psychological resilience represent major public health challenges among adults, contributing to adverse mental and physical health outcomes. Mind–body interventions have gained increasing attention as scalable, non-pharmacological strategies to address these interconnected domains.
Economics > General Economics
[Submitted on 16 Mar 2026 (v1), last revised 27 Sep 2026 (this version, v2)] View PDF HTML (experimental) Subjects: General Economics (econ.GN) Cite as: arXiv:2603.15832 [econ.GN] (or arXiv:2603.15832v2 [econ.GN] for this version) https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2603.15832
Predicting the Postoperative Recurrence Risk in Soft-Tissue Sarcomas of the Extremities and Trunk Using MRI-Based Nomogram
Abbreviations STS (soft tissue sarcoma) AUC (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve) DCA (decision curve analysis) FS-T2W (fat-suppressed T2-weighted) CE-T1WI (contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging) Grad-CAM (Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping) ICC (intraclass correlation coefficient) LASSO (Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator) SI (Signal Intensity) MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) ROC (receiver operating characteristic) ROI (region of interest) SHAP...
China’s February 26 Military Purge: The Domino Effect
In the latest sign of continuing purges in China’s military, 10 PLA officers were stripped of their roles as delegates to the National People’s Congress. Credit: Depositphotos Subscribe for ads-free reading On February 26, ahead of the important annual Two Sessions meetings, China’s National People’s Congress (NPC) removed ten People’s Liberation Army (PLA) officers from their posts as NPC deputies.
China’s February 26 Military Purge: The Domino Effect
In the latest sign of continuing purges in China’s military, 10 PLA officers were stripped of their roles as delegates to the National People’s Congress. Credit: Depositphotos Subscribe for ads-free reading On February 26, ahead of the important annual Two Sessions meetings, China’s National People’s Congress (NPC) removed ten People’s Liberation Army (PLA) officers from their posts as NPC deputies.
Unpacking the ‘child-centred’ myth: creating truly inclusive playgrounds in urban spaces
ABSTRACT This study examines how entrenched design habits constrain inclusivity in urban playgrounds in high-density cities like Hong Kong. Using the Tuen Mun Park Inclusive Playground as a case, it proposes a dual-path framework that links stakeholder engagement with GIS-based SOPARC behavioural observation (implemented using QGIS 3.38, Grenoble) to diagnose behaviour-space mismatches.
Xi Jinping's Military Purge: Why and What’s Next for China’s Military
Zi Yang The Diplomat February 2, 2026 The PLA is in a major crisis, with a level of leadership instability unseen since the heyday of the Cultural Revolution. Read Full Article » Show comments Hide Comments
The Purge of Zhang Youxia and Liu Zhenli: Why and What’s Next for China’s Military - Tribune Content Agency
In an October 2025 Diplomat article analyzing the ouster of then-Central Military Commission (CMC) Vice Chairman He Weidong, I argued that the fall of the other, more senior vice chairman, Zhang Youxia, would likely trigger a crisis within the People’s Liberation Army (PLA). That moment has now arrived.
The Purge of Zhang Youxia and Liu Zhenli: Why and What’s Next for China’s Military
The PLA is in a major crisis, with a level of leadership instability unseen since the heyday of the Cultural Revolution. PLA General Zhang Youxia, pictured here during a 2017 meeting with Russia’s Vladimir Putin, was the second-in-command of China’s military until his sudden arrest on January 24, 2026.
The Purge of Zhang Youxia and Liu Zhenli: Why and What’s Next for China’s Military
The PLA is in a major crisis, with a level of leadership instability unseen since the heyday of the Cultural Revolution. PLA General Zhang Youxia, pictured here during a 2017 meeting with Russia’s Vladimir Putin, was the second-in-command of China’s military until his sudden arrest on January 24, 2026.
The Purge of Zhang Youxia and Liu Zhenli: Why and What’s Next for China’s Military
The PLA is in a major crisis, with a level of leadership instability unseen since the heyday of the Cultural Revolution. PLA General Zhang Youxia, pictured here during a 2017 meeting with Russia’s Vladimir Putin, was the second-in-command of China’s military until his sudden arrest on January 24, 2026.
The Cambodia-Thailand Conflict: Can China’s Influence Tip the Scales? - Tribune Content Agency
The long-running Cambodia-Thailand border dispute – exacerbated by personal grievances between the two countries’ leaders – erupted into armed conflict in July 2025. Although a ceasefire and a peace accord were concluded in the subsequent months, these agreements failed to hold, and fighting reignited on December 7, with both sides accusing each other of firing the first shot.
The Cambodia-Thailand Conflict: Can China’s Influence Tip the Scales?
Given Thailand and Cambodia’s close ties with China, it is necessary to assess how Beijing views the conflict and how its influence could shape the outcome. Credit: Royal Thai Army Subscribe for ads-free reading The long-running Cambodia-Thailand border dispute – exacerbated by personal grievances between the two countries’ leaders – erupted into armed conflict in July 2025.
The Cambodia-Thailand Conflict: Can China’s Influence Tip the Scales?
Given Thailand and Cambodia’s close ties with China, it is necessary to assess how Beijing views the conflict and how its influence could shape the outcome. Credit: Royal Thai Army Subscribe for ads-free reading The long-running Cambodia-Thailand border dispute – exacerbated by personal grievances between the two countries’ leaders – erupted into armed conflict in July 2025.
A Positron Lifetime Study of Cooling and Natural Aging of Solutionized Aluminum Alloys
1 Introduction Accelerated cooling is a critical step after the solution heat treatment of age-hardenable aluminum alloys and aims at preserving a level of supersaturation of solute atoms sufficient to sustain the precipitate formation in the subsequent aging step. Besides solutes, many thermal vacancies are also frozen in, usually at a concentration level much higher than the thermal equilibrium at the end temperature.
Manganese Oxides Drive Divergent Fates of Litter-Derived DOM via pH-Regulated Oxidative Decomposition and Polymerization
Abstract Click to copy section linkSection link copied! Manganese (Mn) redox cycling critically regulates soil organic carbon (SOC) turnover, especially in the forest litter layer. However, the molecular-level mechanisms underlying the Mn oxide-mediated decomposition and polymerization of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from litter remain poorly understood.
Synergistic Photocatalysis of Acridinium Salts and Pyridine N-Oxides for α-Aminoalkylation with N-Methylsulfonamides
2025-11-11T07:49:00.826-08:00 We are undergoing scheduled maintenance on Thursday, October 30 that will impact site access. Service Window: ET: Thursday, October 30, 2025 | 6 PM to 12 AM ET GMT: Thursday, October 30, 2025 | 10 PM to 4 AM GMT We apologized for the inconvenience and appreciate your patience while we improve the ACS Publications Platform.
Golgi‐Targeted Viscosity Fluorescent Probe for Monitoring Acute Lung Injury
1 Introduction Acute lung injury (ALI) is a severe and common clinical syndrome, primarily characterized by damage to the capillary endothelium and disruption of the alveolar-capillary barrier, ultimately leading to acute hypoxemic respiratory failure.[1-3] ALI can be triggered by a variety of pulmonary and extrapulmonary insults.
The Chinese Military’s New Third in Command
Zi Yang The Diplomat October 28, 2025 The aftermath of Chinese leader Xi Jinping’s purges created a special phenomenon at the recently concluded Fourth Plenum. Read Full Article » Show comments Hide Comments Related Articles
The Chinese Military’s New Third in Command
After a string of purges on the Central Military Commission, how long will new Vice Chair Zhang Shengmin last? Subscribe for ads-free reading The aftermath of Chinese leader Xi Jinping’s purges created a special phenomenon at the recently concluded Fourth Plenum. Attendance at such a critical Chinese Communist Party (CCP) gathering is mandatory, yet 37 Central Committee members were absent. Of these, ten were civilian officials and 27 were military officers.
The Chinese Military’s New Third in Command
After a string of purges on the Central Military Commission, how long will new Vice Chair Zhang Shengmin last? Subscribe for ads-free reading The aftermath of Chinese leader Xi Jinping’s purges created a special phenomenon at the recently concluded Fourth Plenum. Attendance at such a critical Chinese Communist Party (CCP) gathering is mandatory, yet 37 Central Committee members were absent. Of these, ten were civilian officials and 27 were military officers.
10/21/25 National Security News and Commentary
Quotes of the Day: "A hero is born among a hundred, a wise man is found among a thousand, but an accomplished one might not be found even among a hundred thousand men." – Plato "I was in darkness, but I took three steps and found myself in paradise. The first step was good thought; the second, a good word; and the third a good deed." – Friedrich Nietzsche "The strength of society lies in the moral integrity of its citizens." – John Locke 1.
What Does the Fall of He Weidong Mean for the PLA?
Conflict within the CMC has reached such a state that Xi Jinping could no longer tolerate even his long-time loyalists. Subscribe for ads-free reading Months after his disappearance from public view, news has finally surfaced regarding the fate of Central Military Commission (CMC) Vice Chairman He Weidong.
HMGB1 downregulates DDX3 to activate the MAPK pathway, promoting the progression of colorectal cancer - Cancer Gene Therapy
Abstract High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) has been implicated in the development of various cancers, but its role in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains poorly understood. This study investigated the role of HMGB1 in CRC progression, particularly through its interaction with DEAD-box helicase 3 (DDX3), which, as demonstrated by our previous research, regulates CRC via the MAPK pathway.
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