Ziwei Ren

1 Introduction Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and personality change [1]. With an aging global population, its prevalence is increasing rapidly, yet the underlying mechanisms remain elusive and effective disease-modifying therapies are lacking [2-4]. Current etiological hypotheses of AD mainly include amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), and intestinal microbes [5-10].

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