Ziyi Tan

Abstract The integration of vestibular and visual signals is essential for spatial orientation, self-motion perception, and postural stability. However, sensory conflicts and environmental changes demand adaptive neural mechanisms to maintain perceptual reliability. Cross-modal plasticity provides a key mechanism for this adaptation by dynamically recalibrating sensory representations in response to discordant or altered inputs.

1 Introduction The rapid increase in the older population is becoming an urgent concern, presenting aging-related challenges. Among these, geriatric mental health issues have emerged as a significant societal concern (1). Current estimates indicate that approximately 14% of adults aged 60 and older worldwide are affected by mental disorders (2). The 2019 Global Health Estimates (GHE) report states that mental health conditions account for 10.6% of total disability among older adults.