Zulfequar Ahmad

Practical Applications This study provides engineers and water managers with practical guidance on how to improve the hydraulic performance of spillways using Piano Key Weirs (PKWs). Laboratory tests showed that replacing the conventional linear outlet slab with a curvilinear profile can increase discharge capacity by up to 18% within the range of head-to-height ratios normally encountered in low-head dams.

Data Availability Statement All data, models, and code generated or used during the study appear in the published article. Acknowledgments This study received no specific grant from external funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors. Author Contributions Akash Jaiswal: Conceptualization; Data curation; Formal analysis; Investigation; Methodology; Validation; Visualization; Writing – original draft; Writing – review and editing.

Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest. References 1, , and , “Prediction of Discharge Coefficient of Cylindrical Weir–Gate Using GMDH-PSO,” ISH Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 24, no. 2 (2018): 116–123. 2, , and , “Mathematical Modeling of Flow Discharge Over Compound Sharp-Crested Weirs,” Journal of Hydro-Environment Research 8, no. 3 (2014): 194–199. 3, , and , “Climate Change Impacts on Soil Erosion and Sediment Yield in a Watershed,” Water 12, no.