H. Tran

This study reports the ability with which surface tension gradients are formed plainly by the drainage in a capillary containing a surfactant-laden liquid slug initially held in place by a vacuum. Provided that a thin film forms on the walls transverse to the downward flow, the drainage induces a surfactant gradient (i.e., Marangoni effect), which then leads to a film-climbing event against gravity.

Introduction As part of the study of our solar system evolution and research on terrestrial water's origins, it is particularly important to know the distribution of water vapor and its isotopologues in the atmosphere of our planetary neighbors, Venus and Mars. Venus Express (2008–2014) and ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (2016-), both ESA missions and also ground-based measurements have mapped water [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [7].

As one of the important heat transfer methods, radiative heat transfer has attracted extensive attention. When the gap between two bodies is less than the thermal wavelength, near-field radiative heat transfer (NFRHT) far exceeds the black body radiation limit due to the tunneling effect of the evanescent wave [1], [2], [3]. In recent years, a large number of theoretical and experimental studies have demonstrated the excellent performance of near-field radiation [4], [5], [6].