Aeby GS

Antibiotics alter development and gene expression in the model cnidarian Nematostella vectensis 1Biological Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States of America 2Computational Intelligence to Predict Health and Environmental Risks (CIPHER) Center, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States of America DOI 10.7717/peerj.17349 Academic Editor Konstantinos Kormas Subject Areas Marine Biology, Microbiology Keywords Antibiotics,...

Predators erode their prey’s fitness in various ways, thus embodying a potent selective pressure on them (Abrams, 2000; Lima, 2002). First and foremost, successful predatory events involve the annihilation of the prey’s life, and consequently of any potential future fitness it might have had (Barbosa & Castellanos, 2005; Beauchamp, Wahl & Johnson, 2007).

An estimated three million shipwrecks exist worldwide (UNESCO 2017). These shipwrecks are submerged in a variety of environments, including freshwater, estuarine, and saltwater. They extend from shallow rivers and bays to enclosed seas and the deepest basins of the oceans (figure 1). Wrecked vessels represent an array of forms, ranging from small, simply constructed watercraft, such as dugout canoes and rafts, to larger sailing ships and watercraft powered by steam or petroleum fuel.