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Articles by Aerospace Engineering
Prospective Bedside Management of Post-Surgical Tracheal Granulation in Older Adults With Cicatricial Tracheal Stenosis
1 Introduction Cicatricial tracheal stenosis (CTS) is among the most demanding forms of chronic airway obstruction encountered in respiratory medicine. It arises most often from prolonged intubation, tracheotomy or laryngotracheal surgery and follows a relapsing course of progressive luminal narrowing, recurrent granulation tissue formation and episodic respiratory compromise [1, 2].
Thermoelastic Wave-Based Logic for Mechanically Cognitive Materials
Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interests. Data Availability Statement The data that supports the findings of this study are available in the supplementary material of this article. Supporting Information Filename Description adfm79391-sup-0001-SuppMat.pdf27.6 MB Supporting File 1: adfm79391-sup-0001-SuppMat.pdf. adfm79391-sup-0002-MovieS1.mp413.6 MB Supporting File 2:adfm79391-sup-0002-MovieS1.mp4.
Investigation on laser-assisted ultra-precision cutting process technology for SiCp/Al composites
Huang S, Guo L, He H et al (2018) Experimental study on SiCp/Al composites with different volume fractions in high-speed milling with PCD tools. Int J Adv Manuf Technol 97(5–8):2731–2739 Article Google Scholar Huang S, Guo L, He H et al (2018) Study on characteristics of SiCp/Al composites during high-speed milling with different particle size of PCD tools.
Objective assessment of robot-assisted suturing using a weighted performance score and a virtual simulation platform
Dagnino G, Kundrat D (2024) Robot-assistive minimally invasive surgery: trends and future directions. Internat J Intell Robot Appli 8(4):812–826. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41315-024-00341-2 Article Google Scholar Pasquini P, Pazzaglia E, Jamaer E, Traen K, Despierre E, Raimondo D, Perrone AM, Seracchioli R, De Iaco P, Mottrie A (2026) A pilot investigation of robot-assisted total hysterectomy using the toumaiLaparoscopic surgical robot system. Mini Invas Therap Allied Tech 1–7.
Enhancing the Interface of PLA Composites Through Solution-Based Processing
1 Introduction In recent years, the research and development of fiber-reinforced thermoplastic polymer composites has attracted significant attention due to their improved performance, ease of integration in conventional molding processes, low cost, reduced lifecycle emissions and good recyclability compared with thermoset polymers [1]. In addition to common commodity thermoplastics used for general purpose applications, engineered and high-performance polymers have become increasingly available.
GSBIM: automated photorealistic as-built BIM reconstruction from point clouds via gaussian splatting
Sacks R, Eastman C, Lee G, Teicholz P (2018) BIM Handbook: A Guide to Building Information Modeling for Owners, Designers, Engineers, Contractors, and Facility Managers. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119287568 Pan X, Lin Q, Ye S, Li L, Guo L, Harmon B (2024) Deep learning based approaches from semantic point clouds to semantic bim models for heritage digital twin. Heritage Science 12(1):65.
Evaluating and Optimizing Mass Decarceration as a Pandemic Mitigation Strategy
Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
Agent-based simulation of shared autonomous electric vehicle fleets: application to Montreal Olympic Park
Three customer arrival probabilities, representing high, medium, and low demand scenarios, are implemented to assess system performance under varying operational conditions. These experiments provide insights into how fluctuations in demand influence fleet operations and service quality. The results enable identification of the most favorable operational scenario for the fleet operator, offering guidance for optimal fleet sizing and efficient resource allocation.
A lipoprotein-specific aptamer biosensor for the detection of mycoplasma-contamination in T cell culture
Mycoplasma contamination remains a leading cause of insidious cell culture failure, altering cellular physiology while evading standard antibiotic treatments due to the lack of a cell wall. Current electrochemical detection strategies rely mainly on DNA-based assays that require cell lysis and DNA extraction, thereby increasing assay complexity and time.
Parallelized multi-stimuli bioreactor for combined, physiologically relevant fluid shear stress and intermittent hydrostatic pressure in 3D bone tissue models
This work introduces an automated, parallelized multi-stimuli bioreactor that reproduces key aspects of the human bone mechanical environment by delivering tunable and combinable fluid shear stress and hydrostatic pressure to three-dimensional bone tissue models. We demonstrated that the combined application of these mechanical cues promoted early osteogenic differentiation more effectively than perfusion alone.
Research on the energy absorption performance of diamond structures with axial and transverse porosity gradients under different load-bearing angles
Abstract Background: In biomedical, aerospace, automotive and marine engineering, there is an increasing demand for high energy absorption behaviour in structures. Triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) structures, such as Diamond lattices, have emerged as promising solutions due to their light weight nature and excellent energy absorption performance, and thus they have attracted significant research interest.
Role of Phase Separation in Transcritical Mixing Layers Under Liquid Rocket Engine Conditions
Banuti, D.T.: Crossing the Widom-line – supercritical pseudo-boiling. J. Supercrit. Fluids. 98, 12–16 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.supflu.2014.12.019 Article Google Scholar Banuti, D.T., Ma, P.C., Hickey, J.P., Ihme, M.: Thermodynamic structure of supercritical LOX–GH2 diffusion flames. Combust. Flame 196, 364–376 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.combustflame.2018.06.016 Article Google Scholar Batchelor, G.K.: Computation of the energy spectrum in homogeneous two-dimensional turbulence. Phys.
Diamond Raman laser for hydroxyl radical planar laser-induced fluorescence
This Letter describes, to the best of our knowledge, the first application of an Nd:YAG-pumped diamond Raman laser (DRL) for OH planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF). DRL was used to convert 532 nm pump radiation into 573 nm output, corresponding to the 1${}^{\text{st}}$ Stokes Raman shift, via the stimulated Raman scattering process in a diamond crystal, with an achieved conversion efficiency of 52%.
Promoting arm movement practice with a novel wheelchair armrest early after stroke: a randomized controlled trial
Background Chronic upper extremity (UE) impairment is common after stroke. This study aimed to evaluate both the feasibility and preliminary clinical effects of Boost, a novel wheelchair-mounted rehabilitation device designed to assist individuals in UE motor recovery during inpatient rehabilitation. Method Thirty-five stroke inpatients were randomized to perform additional UE exercises alongside standard therapy, using either Boost or a therapist-customized booklet for self-practice.
Study on radiation damage of tungsten-based targets induced by deuterium ions
Loading metrics Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Citation: Zhang Y, Zheng F, Feng J, Cao Z, Meng Q (2026) Study on radiation damage of tungsten-based targets induced by deuterium ions. PLoS One 21(10): e0360154. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0360154 Editor: Arun Devaraj, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Received: February 27, 2026; Accepted: September 23, 2026; Published: October 14, 2026 Copyright: © 2026 Zhang et al.
Additive Manufacturing of High-Performance Polymers for Extreme Environments
1 Introduction Engineering components operating in aerospace, automotive, electronics, oil and gas, defense, and marine sectors are often exposed to extreme environments. Representative conditions include elevated temperatures above 125°C and pressures above 200 bar, although the relevant thresholds are application-dependent [1].
Interplay between store-operated calcium entry and mitochondrial phosphate handling modulates force and fatigue during exercise
Introduction Skeletal muscle fibres (myofibres) are responsible for generating force to support locomotion of the animal body. They are positioned on the mesoscale of the muscle hierarchy, between the whole muscle composed of many bundles of fibres (fascicles) and subcellular myofibrils consisting of thick and thin filaments (Mukund & Subramaniam, 2020; Uchida & Delp, 2021).
The fixed cortical fraction assumption in Hip Structure Analysis produces systematic, sex- and age- dependent errors in femoral neck morphology estimates
Abstract Hip Structure Analysis (HSA) estimates femoral neck morphology from dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) images using simplifying assumptions, including that cortical bone accounts for a fixed 60% of total bone mineral content at the narrow neck (cortical fraction, fc = 0.6). The empirical basis of this assumption is poorly established, and its effect on HSA-derived structural parameters has not been systematically evaluated.
First-Principles Investigation of the Transition-Metal Carbide Crystal Morphology Control Through Alloying
1 Introduction Transition-metal carbides (TMCs) consist of a class of ceramics with a wide range of crystal phases, microstructures, and physical properties. Among them, Group IVB and VB TMCs, which are carbides of titanium (TiC), zirconium (ZrC), hafnium (HfC), vanadium (VC), niobium (NbC), and tantalum (TaC), stand out because of their superior hardness, high melting temperature, and wear resistance [1], earning them recognition as ultra-high temperature ceramics (UHTCs).
On the use of Sanderson prisms for variable beam separation FLDI applications
The effect of variable beam separation on the performance of focused laser differential interferometry (FLDI) in detecting second-mode instabilities is investigated experimentally using what we believe to be a novel co-linear Sanderson prism-based FLDI and schlieren system. Experiments are conducted in a Mach-6 Ludwieg Tube on a 7° cone with a sharp nose tip. Beam separations of 100, 150, 250, and 400 µm are tested.
Highly Robust High-Order Numerical Framework for Solving Six-Equation Compressible Two-Phase Flow Model with Phase Change
To numerically integrate the above system, we employ a fractional step approach, alternating between solving the homogeneous hyperbolic part and integrating ordinary differential equations (ODEs) that account for the relaxation source terms associated with pressure, temperature, and Gibbs energy.
Datasets of "Real-Time Estimation of High-Resolution Flow Fields and Modal Coefficients from Event-Based Imaging Velocimetry"
Published October 1, 2026 | Version 1.0 1. Department of Aerospace Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid 2. Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino 3. DLR Institute of Propulsion Technology, German Aerospace Center Pulsed event-based imaging velocimetry (EBIV) of a submerged water jet (100 Hz) and of a channel flow over a square rib (5 kHz), measured with a Prophesee EVK4 event camera.
Starship’s first orbital flight put its heat shield to the test – how it fares could determine if SpaceX’s vision is possible
SpaceX's Starship rocket launched to orbit for the first time on Sept. 28, 2026. AP Photo/Eric Gay But not all went as planned. An engine went out, though SpaceX quickly determined Starship could still reach orbit without it. While SpaceX had planned for Starship to orbit the Earth six times, it changed gears and had Starship return after only two orbits. And the splashdown in the Pacific Ocean ended in a huge bang, rather than the soft landing the company had hoped for.
Starship’s first orbital flight put its heat shield to the test – how it fares could determine if SpaceX’s vision is possible
SpaceX’s Starship, the most powerful launch vehicle ever developed, reached Earth orbit for the first time on Sept. 28, 2026. This mission, the rocket’s 14th test flight, also marked the first time that Starship deployed Starlink internet satellites into the existing larger constellation: 26 new next-generation nodes in total. kAmqFE ?@E 2== H6?E 2D A=2??65] p?
Explaining the rapid 2019–2024 increase in methane emissions from Colombia seen in satellite observations: a high-resolution inverse analysis
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Preferential sampling enabled by particle finite size and anisotropic shape
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Joint multifractal description of small-scale turbulence: Unifying longitudinal and transverse velocity intermittency
Small-scale intermittency is a defining feature of fully developed fluid turbulence, marked by rare and extreme fluctuations of velocity increments and gradients that defy mean-field descriptions. Existing multifractal descriptions of intermittency focus primarily on longitudinal increments and gradients, despite mounting evidence that transverse components exhibit distinct and stronger intermittency.
Added-mass and added-moment-of-inertia tensors of porous fractal flocs
Opens in a new window Opens an external website Opens an external website in a new window This website utilizes technologies such as cookies to enable essential site functionality, as well as for analytics, personalization, and targeted advertising. Privacy Policy Choose format for download: BibTeXEndNote (RIS) Article Text References Phys. Rev. Fluids 11, 094303– Published 10 September, 2026 ©2026 American Physical Society Username Password Enter a citation
Computational Analysis of the Vibrational Response of Lunar Regolith Made of Nonspherical Grains
1 Introduction From the Apollo 11 to the recent launch of China's Chang'e 6 Lunar sampler and as witnesses by the more recent Artemis missions, a long-lasting interest exists in establishing a human presence on the Moon.
Two-dimensional to three-dimensional knee reconstruction from radiographs and fluoroscopy: A systematic review of methods and accuracy (1995–2025)
Loading metrics Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Citation: Gurbanli Y, Mohammed J, Travascio F (2026) Two-dimensional to three-dimensional knee reconstruction from radiographs and fluoroscopy: A systematic review of methods and accuracy (1995–2025). PLoS One 21(8): e0356987.
Editorial: New advancements in power system condition monitoring, fault diagnosis and environmental compatibility
Rising electricity demand and higher consumption levels are pushing power systems toward stricter safety and stability requirements. To maintain dependable, secure, and efficient transmission and distribution, it is essential to continuously monitor system conditions and swiftly identify faults. This relies on aggregating and interpreting data from numerous sensors and measurement units placed across grid assets.
Editorial: Enhancing durability of bioelectronic implants: innovations in encapsulation materials and methods
Bioelectronic implants have enabled increasingly precise recording, stimulation, and modulation of physiological activity. Their continued miniaturization and transition toward thin, flexible, and mechanically compliant designs may improve close contact with neurons, tissue integration and response, and surgical accessibility (). However, these advantages also create substantial reliability challenges for encapsulation materials.
Protective Techniques and Postural Strategies for Individuals With Blindness or Low Vision: A Guide for Clinicians and Patients
Keywords Blindness Low vision Orientation and mobility Protective techniques Get full text access Log in, subscribe or purchase for full access. References 1. Agathos, C.P. ∙ Shanidze, N.M. ∙ Fletcher, D.C. Importance of screening for contrast sensitivity, falls, and mobility limitations in older adults with maculopathy Am J Ophthalmol. 2025; 280:481-492 2. Manduci, R. ∙ Kurniawan, S. Mobility-related accidents experienced by people with visual impairment Insight Res Pract Vis Impairment Blindness.
New and existing covariance estimation techniques for ensemble data assimilation
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Eccentric Occlusal Loads Remodel the Dentoalveolar and Temporomandibular Biomechanical Unit in Rats
1 Introduction Chewing loads, modulated by food hardness, are central to shaping and maintaining the masticatory system [1-5]. Efficient load transfer requires coordinated biomechanical coupling across multiple soft and hard tissues such as the periodontal ligament (PDL) and alveolar bone of the dentoalveolar joint (DAJ), and the cartilage and trabecular bone of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ).
Stiffening of soft silicone upon deep UV treatment as characterized using nanoindentation
Loading metrics Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Citation: Wilder A, Booth Z, Obermeyer C, Sharmin S, Maruthamuthu V (2026) Stiffening of soft silicone upon deep UV treatment as characterized using nanoindentation. PLoS One 21(8): e0356385. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0356385 Editor: Alice Berardo, University of Padova: Universita degli Studi di Padova, ITALY Received: January 10, 2025; Accepted: August 3, 2026; Published: August 14, 2026 Copyright: © 2026 Wilder et al.
Metal Oxide Chemical Looping Cycles for Coproduction of Hydrogen and Sulfuric Acid
Conflicts of Interest M.R.S. is an employee of Peregrine Hydrogen, a company that produces sulfur-related chemical products, and S.J.F., M.R.S., and I.S.M. have an ownership stake in the form of shares and/or options in the company. Data Availability Statement The data supporting this article have been included as part of the . Supporting Information Filename Description adfm77622-sup-0001-SuppMat.docx5.2 MB Supporting File: adfm77622-sup-0001-SuppMat.docx.
The UK is building a fighter jet with Japan and Italy – an aviation expert explains why it could be a defence gamechanger
The UK is building a next generation fighter jet in collaboration with Italy and Japan. The Global Combat Air Programme (GCAP) has taken on even greater significance since the collapse of a rival project called the Future Combat Air System (FCAS), a collaboration between France, Germany and Spain. The GCAP aircraft, which will be known in Britain as Tempest, should enter service by 2035.
The size effect on mechanical and permeability properties of porous bone structures fabricated by selective laser melting
Abstract Porous structures are extensively utilized in bone tissue engineering for their lightweight nature, high strength-to-weight ratio, and superior energy absorption capacity. However, achieving optimal scaffold performance through precise dimension control remains a significant design challenge. This study systematically investigates the effect of unit-cell size on the mechanical and fluid transport properties of porous bone structures, aiming to provide guidance for scaffold design.
Separating the size distributions for interstitial- and vacancy-type dislocation loops using integral X-ray diffuse scattering
2.3. Asymmetry of the integral XRDS from dislocation loops Previous work (Schwendeman et al., 2025) has evaluated the symmetric component of the integral XRDS intensity from dislocation loops using the historical formulation of Dederichs (1970) where the symmetric intensity is defined formally as follows: The symmetric component of the integral XRDS contains information about the sizes of dislocation loops (with radii R) due to the 1/R scaling of the transition between the asymptotic...
On-Chip Levitated Neon Particle Arrays for Robust and Scalable Electron Qubits
It is not necessary to obtain permission to reuse this article or its components as it is available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. This license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI are maintained. Please note that some figures may have been included with permission from other third parties.
Time-varying wind-turbine wakes at high Reynolds numbers
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A 1952 Pan Am plane crash transformed passenger safety procedures – a former airline pilot explains how
On Good Friday, April 11 1952, a Pan American Douglas DC-4 named Clipper Endeavor took off from San Juan in Puerto Rico, bound for New York. On board were 64 passengers including six infants, plus five crew. The flight lasted less than nine minutes before two engines lost power. Unable to make it back to the airport, the captain ditched the plane in the Atlantic Ocean, roughly 11 miles northwest of San Juan's Isla Grande Airport. Remarkably, all 69 people on board survived the impact.
Closed-loop EEG-based neurofeedback and brain-computer interface interventions for mental health: a review
Abstract Electroencephalogram (EEG)-based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have been widely explored for detecting and monitoring mental health-related states, with many existing studies focusing on identification and classification. Such approaches are primarily observational and provide limited support for intervention. Closed-loop EEG-based BCIs address this limitation by incorporating real-time feedback to observe neural activity.
Estimates of Extreme and Low Frequency Reef-Flat Water Levels at Ipan, Guam From Offshore Waves
1 Introduction Fringing reefs protect island shorelines by dissipating incident wave energy, yet breaking waves generate setup and low frequency (LF) wave fluctuations that can lead to elevated shoreline water levels and flooding.
Buckling of Orthotropic Rectangular Plates With Rotationally Restrained Edges: New Analytical Solutions Under the Hamiltonian System
Chengbo Wang and Jie Xu contributed equally to this work. References 1 and , “Free Vibration and Buckling of Porous Power-law and Sigmoid Functionally Graded Sandwich Plates Using a Simple Higher-order Shear Deformation Theory,” Materials Research Express 6, no. 11 (2019): 115707, https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ab48a9.
Characterization of physical health variables across fall risk appraisal groups: a cross-sectional study
Background Fall risk appraisal (FRA) integrates perceived fall risk (levels of fear of falling) and physiological fall risk (static balance). Established literature has defined cut-offs for four groups (congruent, incongruent, irrational, and rational), but characterization of these groups is limited to separate studies evaluating physical activity, body composition, and fall history.
High-speed 2D flow mapping via imaging-focused laser differential interferometry
An imaging-focused laser differential interferometry (I-FLDI) system is demonstrated by replacing the conventional expander lens with a microlens array while preserving the standard Wollaston prism pair. This generates a $66\times 66$ grid of beam pairs sampling a region for high-resolution density fluctuation maps. The technique scales to thousands of points without losing high temporal bandwidth, enabling instantaneous 2D imaging of unsteady flows.
Criticality of the viscous to inertial transition near jamming in non-Brownian suspensions
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A Framework for Tactile-Based Proximity Sensing of Buried Objects via Granular Media Jamming
1 Introduction When a direct line of sight is not available or visual feedback is degraded, vision-based approaches to robot planning and control can become ineffective. As a result, the complementary sense of touch becomes an invaluable sensory feedback modality for situational awareness. This work is motivated by applications in which robots are used for the haptic search of buried objects, such as search and rescue scenarios.
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