Anna Angela Barba

This version is not peer-reviewed. Anna Angela Barba,Gaetano Lamberti  * Anna Angela Barba,Gaetano Lamberti  * Submitted: 25 January 2026 You are already at the latest version The interruption of primary conservation procedures during food handling and preparation represents a critical operational phase for food microbiological safety, especially in environments characterized by repeated manipulation and continuous human presence.

Introduction Nucleic acid–based therapeutics (NATs) have emerged as an exciting modality with the capability of addressing a wide variety of indications such as genetic and oncological conditions, and for use in vaccines (Damase et al., 2021, Wang et al., 2020, Buck et al., 2019).

1. Introduction Hydrogels are versatile materials that can absorb and desorb water, causing them to swell and shrink [1,2]. Smart hydrogels, a subset of these materials, are particularly interesting due to their sensitivity to external stimuli such as mechanical stress, electric or magnetic fields, ionic strength and pH [3,4,5]. These smart, sensitive materials are fundamental to a variety of applications, particularly in the biomedical field [6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14].