Atta Ullah
Islamabad
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Articles by Atta Ullah
A quadratic integer ring-based approach to S-box construction and its integration into a 4D hyperchaotic RGB image encryption scheme
Abstract The rapid growth of digital communication, cloud computing, and internet-based services has intensified the need for secure techniques for protecting digital images against increasingly sophisticated cyberattacks. This paper presents a quadratic integer ring-based approach to the construction of substitution boxes (S-boxes) and their integration into a four-dimensional (4D) hyperchaotic (red green blue) RGB image encryption scheme.
Pakistan’s Strict Nuclear Safeguards on Civil-Military Separation
Pakistan recently secured a safeguards agreement for the Chashma-5 unit at Chashma Power Plant, under its item-specific safeguards agreement (INFCIRC/66) with the IAEA.
Munir Ahmad Khan and Pakistan’s Nuclear Odyssey - Stratheia
The book recounts the author’s interactions with Munir Ahmed Khan, former Chairman of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PACE), and his observations from his time at PACE, first as a Press Information Officer and later as Director Press. According to the author, Munir Ahmed Khan played the role of a bomb hawk, as he was dedicated solely to the peaceful uses of nuclear energy, without explicitly opposing its inevitable destructive potential.
The People Who Grow the Fastest at Work Aren’t Always the Most Talented
The People Who Grow the Fastest at Work Aren’t Always the Most Talented Press enter or click to view image in full size There was a time when I believed careers were decided by talent. The smartest people would naturally rise to the top. The most educated professionals would earn the biggest opportunities. The people with the strongest technical skills would eventually become leaders. It sounded logical. Talent should win.
Peaceful Uses of Nuclear Technology in Sustainable Development in Pakistan
Pakistan aligns peaceful uses of nuclear technology with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations (UN), 2015. These SDGs comprise 17 Goals, 169 Targets, and 232 unique indicators for measuring progress on sustainable development. The applications of nuclear science and technology contribute towards the sustainable development of the country without compromising the development needs of future generations.
The Essence of Pakistan’s Nuclear Deterrence
Nuclear Deterrence in South Asia remains irreplaceable and unmatchable by any sense of security in contemporary times, despite challenges for strategic stability in the region. Each year, Pakistan observes 28th May every year as the Youm-e-Takbeer (the Day of God’s Greatness) as a turning point in the country’s history, when it conducted successive tests in response to Indian nuclear tests the same month in 1998.
Correction to “Tailoring Oxygen Carriers through Doping for Next-Generation Chemical Looping Technologies: Review and Perspectives” Click to copy article link Article link copied!
In our original paper, one of the grant numbers in the Acknowledgments section has been corrected to NBU-FFR-2026-1243-03. Please see the revised Acknowledgments section below. The authors apologize for any inconvenience caused. Acknowledgments Click to copy section linkSection link copied! This work was funded by the Higher Education Commission of Pakistan (ref No. 20-17009/NRPU/R&D/HEC/2021).
Pakistan’s Unconditional Negative Security Assurance
Negative Security Assurance (NSA) refers to the “commitment” that “nuclear-weapon states would not use or threaten to use nuclear weapons” against non-nuclear-armed countries. However, most assurances are conditional, qualified, and partial due to the deterrence paradox: a guarantee may call into question the credibility of nuclear deterrent capability, especially when a nuclear-armed country offers a nuclear umbrella to its allies.
CFD Analysis of Nanofluid‐Driven Heat Transfer Enhancement in Confined Cylindrical Enclosures
Research on passive cooling for reactor safety has drawn significant attention, with natural convection around confined cylindrical enclosures being a key focus. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-based thermal–hydraulic investigation is conducted to analyze natural convection heat transfer within a 3 × 3 array of vertically heated cylinders enclosed in a water tank.
India’s Increasing Missile Tests in the Region: The Year 2025
The year 2025 has been a usual year of missile launches in South Asia, aimed at India’s growing ambitions and power projection. India ended the last year with a total of 10 tests primarily focused on demonstrating India’s continued investment in multi-layered Air defense systems and conventional strike capabilities, as shown in the table below.
Prom Teens_When We Were Us
00:00I remember summer nights 00:17Underneath the stars so bright 00:20We danced to our favorite song 00:23Thought our love could never go wrong 00:27But life has a funny way 00:30Of turning dreams to shades of gray 00:34Now you're with her, I'm with him 00:37Feels like our love's wearing thin 00:40I'm longing, missing what we had before 00:44When it was just you and me, nothing more 00:47Wishing I could turn back time 00:50To that sweet spot when you were mine 00:53Oh, when we were up, love...
India’s Strategy of Escalation Dominance — Global Security Review
Recent, statements by Indian Air Force Chief Marshal AP Singh and Indian Army Chief General Upendra Dwivedi reflect how India’s military doctrine is transforming, which, in recent years, has undergone a significant shift and is marked by a more offensive and assertive approach.
Illogic of Nuclear Disarmament in the Contemporary Era — Global Security Review
Since the beginning of the nuclear age, the international community consistently made efforts toward disarmament. However, the world saw both vertical and horizontal nuclear proliferation. Nuclear-armed states are modernizing their nuclear forces. Although there are notable breakthroughs in efforts to reach agreements on arms control and disarmament, the world remains far from achieving disarmament goals and is still on a long quest to eliminate nuclear weapons.
Muharram and the Message of Karbala: A New Year Begins with Reflection and Resolve
Muharram and the Message of Karbala: A New Year Begins with Reflection and Resolve Introduction: Today marks the beginning of the Islamic New Year—the first of Muharram-ul-Haram, one of the most sacred months in the Islamic calendar. Coincidentally, this blessed day falls on Friday, adding to its spiritual significance.
Deadlock on the Conference on Disarmament
International disarmament is one of the most important pillars of the post-World War II world order. Arms control and disarmament affairs have been a subject of common interest to the international community as a step towards the elimination of armaments, the resolution of disputes, and the prevention of conflicts.
Mitigating Risks for Climate Change: The Role of Digital Financial Policy, Innovation, Carbon Tax, and Macroeconomic Conditions on Sustainable Green Bonds - Ullah - Sustainable Development - Wiley Online Library
Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest. References , , and . 2022. “Long-Run Dynamics Between Trade Liberalization and Income Inequality in the European Union: A Second Generation Approach.” Empirica 49, no. 3: 769–792. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10663-022-09539-8. , , and . 2022. “Green Finance and Decarbonization: Evidence From Around the World.” Finance Research Letters 46: 102807. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2022.102807. , , , and . 2023.
I still remember the moment clearly.
I still remember the moment clearly. There were no loud arguments, no doors slammed shut. Just a quiet, firm decision made somewhere deep in my chest. It was a Tuesday. That morning, I spent hours checking my phone. I replied to texts, read through emails that weren’t urgent, and listened to voice notes I didn’t have the energy to hear. I had a meeting later that day I didn’t want to attend. A friend wanted to meet—not because she missed me, but because she needed someone to listen to her.
India’s Acquisition of Direct Energy Weapons
India has been on the path of acquiring Directed Energy Weapons (DEW) for decades. In previous projects, under the Defense Research and Development Organization (DRDO) and Department of Atomic Energy (DAE), it has been working on various laser-based air defense systems. These include the controversial Kali series, Mk-I, and the latest ones, such as Surya and Mk-II (A). On April 13, 2025, DRDO tested the latest laser-DEW called Mk-II(A), an advanced version of Mk-I.
The USB-C of AI: How the Model Context Protocol is Changing the Game
If you’re like me who read about MCP for the first time and know nothing about it, you’re in the right place! Remember when plugging things into your computer was super frustrating because every device needed a different type of cable? Then USB-C came along and suddenly everything just worked together. Something similar is happening in AI right now, and it’s called the Model Context Protocol (MCP). Imagine trying to get your smart assistant to work with your favourite apps.
Socioeconomic Justice In The Perspective Of The Pakistan Resolution - OpEd
The Pakistan Resolution (1940) was a significant moment in the history of the Indian subcontinent. While it is often viewed primarily as a statement advocating political autonomy and the creation of a separate homeland for Muslims, a closer examination reveals an intense yet often overlooked desire for socio-economic justice embedded at its core. Recognizing this aspect is essential for fully appreciating the vision driving the Pakistan movement.
Addressing Climate Change and Advancing Green Development: Regional Transition Mechanisms for a Sustainable Future in Belt and Road Initiative Nations
1 Introduction The escalating population growth exerts immense strain on sustainable natural resources, land, and economic endeavors. As a result, countries face social and environmental challenges, endangering their prospects for sustainable growth and survival. Despite the active involvement of individuals and organizations in addressing these issues and removing obstacles to future development, their efforts still need to be made to create significant change.
Evolving Cracks in the US-India Relations
For India geographical decoupling is impossible, and geopolitical and economic decoupling may prove to be self-defeating. In its quest to become the voice of the Global South, India seems to exclude China from the Global South since it cannot compete with it and take a shift from shared neighborhoods to distinct friends.
Complete Kashmir
Recently, Indian Defence Minister Rajnath Singh made an unfounded assertion about Kash-mir’s “completion,” referring to its pre-1948 status before Indian forces illegally occupied the region. The concept of a “Complete Kashmir” needs to be re-examined, beyond India’s geopolitical ambitions.
Adjuvant Effect of Lactobacillus paracasei in Sublingual Immunotherapy of Asthmatic Mice
All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. For articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. For more information, please refer to https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess.
Evaluating Growth and Crisis Risk Dynamics of Sustainable Climate Exchange-Traded Funds
1. Introduction The growing urgency of climate change and its devastating impact on global ecosystems have accelerated the demand for sustainable investment solutions and have been observed in several studies [,]. Climate-related crises have become more frequent and severe, as highlighted by the environmental shocks witnessed during the Russia–Ukraine conflict and the ongoing Israel–Palestine conflict [].
Societal And Phenomenological Dimensions Of Security In Pakistan - OpEd
Security is often driven by insecurities. In today’s world, threats arise from the collective social psyche and have become an unavoidable part of the social conscience. These threats have become so subjective, in certain cases inter-subjective, just like the concept of state, that it is difficult to differentiate between security and threats. The line between war and peace has become blurred, making it almost impossible to distinguish between combatants and non-combatants.
Lessons From Defense Day: Preparing For Future Challenges - OpEd
Pakistan’s Defense Day, which commemorates the events of 6 September 1965, when India attacked the country from the International Border, teaches us the importance of resilience in the face of adversity, fostering national unity, and the unmatched sense of sacrifice and service to the nation. It serves as a reminder of the significance of self-help, national unity, diplomacy, and international mediation. Some lessons from Defense Day are relevant for the future.
The dynamic role of digital financial inclusion, sustainable energy transition, and governance in achieving global ecological sustainability
CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT The authors declare no conflicts of interest. REFERENCES , & (2023). Formulating sustainable development policies for China within the framework of socio-economic conditions and government stability. Environmental Pollution, 328, 121673. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121673 Adebayo, T. S., Ramzan, M., Iqbal, H. A., Awosusi, A. A., & Akinsola, G. D. (2021). The environmental sustainability effects of financial development and urbanization in Latin American countries.
Machine Learning Approach for the Estimation of Henry’s Law Constant Based on Molecular Descriptors
All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. For articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. For more information, please refer to https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess.
The Emerging Economic Powers In Major Power Competition - OpEd
The Great Power Competition between the United States (U.S.), China, and Russia operates in two global power-led blocs with multiple poles, including the Emerging Economic Powers as the Next Pole. However, these two blocs remain un-demarcated, and the poles merge at the politico-economic junction because of the role of emerging economic powers, such as Brazil, Argentina, India, Australia, South Africa, Indonesia, the UEA, etc.
Dynamic energy-minimization multi-scale heterogeneous continuum evolution model for gas-solid fluidization
Gas-solid fluidization system widely exists in energetic, chemical, biological and metallurgical processes [1], [2], [3], [4], [5], and is generally thought to comprise two distinct species including particulate and aggregative, therefore has multiscale heterogeneous flow structures.
Ratio-Type Estimator for Estimating the Neutrosophic Population Mean in Simple Random Sampling under Intuitionistic Fuzzy Cost Function
1. Introduction Survey sampling is the most practical and cost-effective approach for collecting data for research or estimating population means for making decisions. The validity and practicality of these judgments are dependent on the accuracy and precision of estimates, which are significantly affected by two important decisions made during the planning stage of a simple random sampling scheme.
Comparison of Standalone and Hybrid Machine Learning Models for Prediction of Critical Heat Flux in Vertical Tubes
This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Cancers | Free Full-Text | Multi-Fold Computational Analysis to Discover Novel Putative Inhibitors of Isethionate Sulfite-Lyase (Isla) from Bilophila wadsworthia: Combating Colorectal Cancer and Inflammatory Bowel Diseases
This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon. Open AccessArticle by Muhammad Waqas 1,2,†, Sobia Ahsan Halim 1,†, Atta Ullah 1,3, Assim Alaa Mohammed Ali 1, Asaad Khalid 4,5, Ashraf N.
Factors determining capital structure of Pakistani non-financial firms.
Afza, T., & Hussain, A. (2011). Determinants of capital structure across selected manufacturing sectors of Pakistan. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 1(12), 254-262. Akhtar, S., & Oliver, B. (2009). Determinants of capital structure for Japanese multinational and domestic corporations. International Review of Finance, 9(1?2), 1-26. Alzomaia, T. S. (2014). Capital Structure Determinants of Publicly Listed Companies in Saudi Arabia.
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