Benjie Shan

Abstract Immune checkpoint blockade targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 axis shows promise in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), yet durable responses are limited by immune escape. Here, we identified tumor-derived bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) as a critical mediator of tumor-associated macrophage (TAMs)-driven immune evasion in TNBC. Using syngeneic TNBC mouse models, we found that BRD4 promotes PD-L1 expression on TAMs by increasing GM-CSF production from tumor cells.

The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2, aka COVID-19) has emerged very rapidly and has already invaded more than 197 countries worldwide, with more than 16 million cases and ∼650 000 deaths within 7 months of the outbreak, as reported by the WHO coronavirus disease situation report 189.