Benoit Chassaing
Paris
Laboratory at @institutpasteur working on Microbiome-Host interactions. In gut I trust. Bugs are my friends & tweets are my own
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Articles by Benoit Chassaing
In vivo CRISPRi screens reveal Escherichia coli functional adaptations in the mouse gut
Abstract Escherichia coli exhibits remarkable genetic diversity that enables it to adapt to the intestinal environment. Here we establish an in vivo CRISPR interference platform that leverages bacterial gene fitness as a high-resolution functional reporter of E. coli adaptations within mice harbouring a defined minimal microbial community (OligoMM12). The screen revealed that diet profoundly shapes the metabolic landscape of E.
Biodiversité du microbiote intestinal et alimentation moderne
Accueil Tous les numéros Volume 42 / Numéro 1 (Janvier 2026) Med Sci (Paris), 42 1 (2026) 65-70 Full HTML Numéro Med Sci (Paris) Volume 42, Numéro 1, Janvier 2026 Les microbes, l’Anthropocène et nous Page(s) 65 - 70 Section M/S Revues DOI https://doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2025253 Publié en ligne 23 janvier 2026 Med Sci (Paris) 2026; 42 (1) : 65–70 Biodiversité du microbiote intestinal et alimentation moderne 1, 1, 1 et 2,3* 1 Université de Lorraine, CHRU-Nancy, Inserm, IHU INFINY, NGERE, Nancy,...
Associations between preservative food additives and type 2 diabetes incidence in the NutriNet-Santé prospective cohort - Nature Communications
Abstract Experimental studies suggested potential adverse effects of preservative food additives, but epidemiological data are lacking. We aim to investigate associations between exposure to these compounds and type 2 diabetes incidence in the NutriNet-Santé prospective cohort (n = 108,723; 79.2%women; mean age=42.5 (SD = 14.6); France, 2009-2023). Dietary intakes are assessed using repeated 24h-dietary records.
Hyaluronan nanoplatelets exhibit extended residence time compared to spherical and ellipsoidal nanomaterials with equivalent surface potentials and volumes after oral delivery in rats
Hyaluronan nanoplatelets exhibit extended residence time compared to spherical and ellipsoidal nanomaterials with equivalent surface potentials and volumes after oral delivery in rats The physicochemical properties of colloidal particles—such as size, surface properties, and morphology—play a crucial role in determining their behaviors and transit through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
Harnessing intestinal tryptophan catabolism to relieve atherosclerosis in mice - Nature Communications
Abstract Tryptophan (Trp) is an essential amino acid, whose metabolism is a key gatekeeper of intestinal homeostasis. Yet, its systemic effects, particularly on atherosclerosis, remain unknown. Here we show that high-fat diet (HFD) increases the activity of intestinal indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO), which shifts Trp metabolism from the production of microbiota-derived indole metabolites towards kynurenine production.
Dietary emulsifier consumption accelerates type 1 diabetes development in NOD mice - npj Biofilms and Microbiomes
Abstract The rapidly increasing prevalence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) underscores the role of environmental (i.e. non-genetic) determinants of T1D development. Such factors include industrialized diets as well as the intestinal microbiota with which they interact.
Impact of Baizhu, Daqingye, and Hehuanhua extracts on the human gut microbiome
Introduction Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) combines practices like acupuncture, Tai chi, and herbal remedies to maintain human health and well-being (Tang et al., 2008). Foods and herbs are considered through the lens of their medicinal qualities. Modern investigations of traditional Chinese herbs often first identify the phytochemicals present in a substance by extracting these mixed compounds and analyzing them via mass spectrometry, UV, IR, or NMR.
Editorial: Roles of microbes in esophageal disease
The human body is home to a vast ecosystem of microorganisms, collectively known as the microbiome, which plays a pivotal role in maintaining our health (Lim et al., 2022b). In recent years, research has shed light on the significance of the microbiome in various aspects of health (Kong et al., 2022), including its involvement in esophageal disease (ED) (Chen et al., 2022; Muszyński et al., 2022).
Perinatal Morphine Exposure Induces Long-Term Changes in the Intestinal Microbiota of Male and Female Rats
Abstract The increased use of opioids by women of reproductive age has resulted in a dramatic rise in number of infants exposed to opioids in utero. Although perinatal opioid exposure (POE) has been associated with an elevated risk of infection and hospitalization later in life, the mechanism(s) by which opioids influence immune development and maturation is not fully elucidated.
Editorial: Interaction between microbiota and immune in intestinal inflammatory diseases
Intestinal inflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease, systemic vasculitis, infection, and celiac disease, are characterized by complex pathophysiology, wide heterogeneity, and interrelatedness. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease (CD), is a chronic inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract that is highly disabling, recurrent, and incurable (Chang, 2020).
Editorial: Microbiome in the first 1000 days: multi-omic interactions, physiological effects, and clinical implications
Carla R. Taddei1,2* and Josef Neu3 1School of Arts, Sciences and Humanity, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 2Division of Clinical Laboratory, University Hospital - University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil 3Division of Neonatology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States The initial colonization of the human gut microbiota is of paramount importance and plays a key role in immune, nutritional, metabolic, and neurological development.
Fructus gardeniae ameliorates anxiety-like behaviors induced by sleep deprivation via regulating hippocampal metabolomics and gut microbiota
Dong Liu1,2, Qianfei Wang1, Ying Li3, Zhenshuang Yuan4, Zhiliang Liu5, Junli Guo1, Xin Li1, Weichao Zhang1, Yulei Tao1 and Jianqiang Mei1* 1Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China 2Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China 3Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology,...
Akkermansia muciniphila counteracts the deleterious effects of dietary emulsifiers on microbiota and host metabolism
Akkermansia muciniphila counteracts the deleterious effects of dietary emulsifiers on microbiota and host metabolism Statistics from Altmetric.com Request Permissions If you wish to reuse any or all of this article please use the link below which will take you to the Copyright Clearance Center’s RightsLink service. You will be able to get a quick price and instant permission to reuse the content in many different ways.
Akkermansia muciniphila counteracts the deleterious effects of dietary emulsifiers on microbiota and host metabolism
Noëmie Daniel1, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6338-7578Andrew T Gewirtz2, http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4285-769XBenoit Chassaing1 1Team “Mucosal Microbiota in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases”, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France 2Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Center for inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Digestive Disease Research Group, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA Correspondence to Dr Benoit Chassaing, Team “Mucosal...
The P4 Study: Postpartum Maternal and Infant Faecal Microbiome 6 Months After Hypertensive Versus Normotensive Pregnancy
Daniella Frances Susic1,2,3*, Leanne Wang4, Lynne Margaret Roberts2,3,5, Michelle Bai4, Andrew Gia2, Emily McGovern2, Xiao-Tao Jiang2, Gregory K.
The Intestinal Microbiota: Our Best Frenemy in Radiation-Induced Damages?
High-dose ionizing radiation used during cancer radiotherapy is associated with the induction of hematopoietic, gastrointestinal, and cerebrovascular injuries. In a recent Science issue, Guo et al. demonstrated that the gut microbiota—and its associated metabolites—play a central role in protecting against high-dose radiation.
Commensal epitopes drive differentiation of colonic Tregs
Abstract The gut microbiome is the largest source of intrinsic non–self-antigens that are continuously sensed by the immune system but typically do not elicit lymphocyte responses. CD4+ T cells are critical to sustain uninterrupted tolerance to microbial antigens and to prevent intestinal inflammation. However, clinical interventions targeting commensal bacteria–specific CD4+ T cells are rare, because only a very limited number of commensal-derived epitopes have been identified.
Erythroid differentiation regulator-1 induced by microbiota in early life drives intestinal stem cell proliferation and regeneration
Abstract Gut microbiota and their metabolites are instrumental in regulating intestinal homeostasis. However, early-life microbiota associated influences on intestinal development remain incompletely understood. Here we demonstrate that co-housing of germ-free (GF) mice with specific-pathogen free (SPF) mice at weaning (exGF) results in altered intestinal gene expression.
Flagellin-elicited adaptive immunity suppresses flagellated microbiota and vaccinates against chronic inflammatory diseases
Abstract Alterations in gut microbiota composition are associated with metabolic syndrome and chronic inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease. One feature of inflammation-associated gut microbiotas is enrichment of motile bacteria, which can facilitate microbiota encroachment into the mucosa and activate pro-inflammatory gene expression.
Amelioration of metabolic syndrome by metformin associates with reduced indices of low-grade inflammation independently of the gut microbiota
The marked worldwide increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is thought to be driven, in large part, by increased prevalence of obesity (10). Obesity promotes an array of metabolic disorders collectively referred to as metabolic syndrome, whose features include hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and, most importantly, insulin resistance, which is the central and defining cause of T2D.
The intestinal microbiota regulates host cholesterol homeostasis
Research article Open Access Published: 27 November 2019 Tiphaine Le Roy1,2, Emelyne Lécuyer1, Benoit Chassaing3,4,9, Moez Rhimi5, Marie Lhomme2, Samira Boudebbouze5, Farid Ichou2, Júlia Haro Barceló1, Thierry Huby1,2, Maryse Guerin1,2, Philippe Giral1,2, Emmanuelle Maguin5, Nathalie Kapel6,7, Philippe Gérard5, Karine Clément8 & Philippe Lesnik ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0002-6909-77151,2 BMC Biology volume 17, Article number: 94 (2019) Cite this article Article metrics 665 Accesses 11 Altmetric...
A Listeria monocytogenes Bacteriocin Can Target the Commensal Prevotella copri and Modulate Intestinal Infection
Highlights • L. monocytogenes secretes a bacteriocin (Lmo2776) homologous to the lactococcin 972 • Lmo2776 controls Listeria intestinal colonization in a microbiota-dependent manner • Lmo2776 targets the abundant gut commensal Prevotella copri • Presence of P. copri exacerbates infection Summary Understanding the role of the microbiota components in either preventing or favoring enteric infections is critical.
Publisher Correction: Neonatal selection by Toll-like receptor 5 influences long-term gut microbiota composition
In Fig. 1d of this Letter, the x-axis label for the third group along, denoted by black dots, should have been labelled ‘WT’ rather than ‘Tlr5’; this figure has been corrected online.
Neonatal selection by Toll-like receptor 5 influences long-term gut microbiota composition
Alterations in enteric microbiota are associated with several highly prevalent immune-mediated and metabolic diseases1,2,3, and experiments involving faecal transplants have indicated that such alterations have a causal role in at least some such conditions4,5,6. The postnatal period is particularly critical for the development of microbiota composition, host–microbe interactions and immune homeostasis7,8,9.
Toxin-positive Clostridium difficile latently infect mouse colonies and protect against highly pathogenic C. difficile
Objective Clostridium difficile is a toxin-producing bacterium and a leading cause of antibiotic-associated disease. The ability of C. difficile to form spores and infect antibiotic-treated persons at low multiplicity of infection (MOI) underlies its large disease burden. However, C. difficile-induced disease might also result from long-harboured C. difficile that blooms in individuals administered antibiotics.
Fiber-Mediated Nourishment of Gut Microbiota Protects against Diet-Induced Obesity by Restoring IL-22-Mediated Colonic Health
Highlights • The fermentable fiber inulin prevented high-fat diet (HFD)-induced metabolic syndrome • HFD enriched with inulin increased gut epithelial proliferation, prevented colon atrophy • Inulin restored HFD-induced microbiota depletion and microbiota-mucosa separation • Inulin effects are microbiota and IL-22, but not short-chain fatty acid, dependent Summary Dietary supplementation with fermentable fiber suppresses adiposity and the associated parameters of metabolic syndrome.
Dietary emulsifiers directly alter human microbiota composition and gene expression ex vivo potentiating intestinal inflammation
Hence, the central goal of this study was to investigate the extent to which CMC and P80 might directly alter microbiota using a mucosal simulator of the human intestinal microbial ecosystem (M-SHIME) model, which allows a complex human microbiota to be stably maintained in vitro in the absence of host cells.
Dietary emulsifiers impact the mouse gut microbiota promoting colitis and metabolic syndrome
Users may view, print, copy, and download text and data-mine the content in such documents, for the purposes of academic research, subject always to the full Conditions of use: http://www.nature.com/authors/editorial_policies/license.html#terms The intestinal tract is inhabited by a large diverse community of microbes collectively referred to as gut microbiota.
Dietary emulsifiers directly alter human microbiota composition and gene expression ex vivo potentiating intestinal inflammation
Objective The intestinal microbiota plays a central role in the development of many chronic inflammatory diseases including IBD and metabolic syndrome. Administration of substances that alter microbiota composition, including the synthetic dietary emulsifiers polysorbate 80 (P80) and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), can promote such inflammatory disorders.
Toxin-positive Clostridium difficile latently infect mouse colonies and protect against highly pathogenic C. difficile
Objective Clostridium difficile is a toxin-producing bacterium and a leading cause of antibiotic-associated disease. The ability of C. difficile to form spores and infect antibiotic-treated persons at low multiplicity of infection (MOI) underlies its large disease burden. However, C. difficile-induced disease might also result from long-harboured C. difficile that blooms in individuals administered antibiotics.
Dietary Emulsifier-Induced Low-Grade Inflammation Promotes Colon Carcinogenesis
AbstractThe increased risks conferred by inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) to the development of colorectal cancer gave rise to the term “colitis-associated cancer” and the concept that inflammation promotes colon tumorigenesis. A condition more common than IBD is low-grade inflammation, which correlates with altered gut microbiota composition and metabolic syndrome, both present in many cases of colorectal cancer.
Corrigendum: Dietary emulsifiers impact the mouse gut microbiota promoting colitis and metabolic syndrome
Some clarifications are provided to this Letter; these do not alter any of the central conclusions but, rather, are provided in the interests of transparency and reproducibility. Our Letter indicated that experiments were performed on 4-week-old mice (unless stated otherwise). In fact, for several experiments, mice ranged from 5 to 7 weeks as follows: Fig. 4a–h, Extended Data Fig.
Microbiota-inducible Innate Immune, Siderophore Binding Protein Lipocalin 2 is Critical for Intestinal Homeostasis
Lipocalin 2 (Lcn2) is a multifunctional innate immune protein whose expression closely correlates with extent of intestinal inflammation. However, whether Lcn2 plays a role in the pathogenesis of gut inflammation is unknown. Herein, we investigated the extent to which Lcn2 regulates inflammation and gut bacterial dysbiosis in mouse models of IBD. Lcn2 expression was monitored in murine colitis models and upon microbiota ablation/restoration.
Policing of gut microbiota by the adaptive immune system
The gut host defense system comprises an array of mechanisms to keep the microbiota in check, maintaining an orderly beneficial relationship with the intestinal microbiota [1]. These mechanisms include the presence of multi-layered mucus structures, secretion of anti-microbial peptides and the secretion of sIgA.
Widely used food additives promotes colitis, obesity and metabolic syndrome, shows study of emulsifiers
Emulsifiers, which are added to most processed foods to aid texture and extend shelf life, can alter the gut microbiota composition and localization to induce intestinal inflammation that promotes the development of inflammatory bowel disease and metabolic syndrome, new research shows. The research, published Feb. 25 in Nature, was led by Georgia State University Institute for Biomedical Sciences' researchers Drs. Benoit Chassaing and Andrew T.
Prevention and cure of rotavirus infection via TLR5/NLRC4-mediated production of IL-22 and IL-18
Activators of innate immunity may have the potential to combat a broad range of infectious agents. We report that treatment with bacterial flagellin prevented rotavirus (RV) infection in mice and cured chronically RV-infected mice. Protection was independent of adaptive immunity and interferon (IFN, type I and II) and required flagellin receptors Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) and NOD-like receptor C4 (NLRC4).
Direct impact of commonly used dietary emulsifiers on human gut microbiota
Abstract Background Epidemiologic evidence and animal studies implicate dietary emulsifiers in contributing to the increased prevalence of diseases associated with intestinal inflammation, including inflammatory bowel diseases and metabolic syndrome. Two synthetic emulsifiers in particular, carboxymethylcellulose and polysorbate 80, profoundly impact intestinal microbiota in a manner that promotes gut inflammation and associated disease states.
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