Cell Host & Microbe

Main text Microbial communities underpin nutrient cycling, host health, and the resilience of entire ecosystems and food webs.1 In marine systems, these microbiomes comprise bacteria, archaea, and microbial eukaryotes—including protists and fungi—and viruses. Because most current coral probiotic and microbiome-intervention strategies are based on bacterial taxa, this Forum focuses primarily on bacterial members of the microbiome.

Main text Widespread soil degradation resulting from decades of intensive farming has increased interest in regenerative agriculture, which seeks to restore soil health, maintain crop yields, and benefit biodiversity and the wider environment. There is no universally accepted definition of regenerative agriculture, which has evolved from and includes aspects of existing agricultural movements, including conservation agriculture, organic agriculture and agroecology.

Keywords effector-triggered immunity ETI cell-autonomous immunity cell-type-specific immunity single-cell RNA sequencing transcriptional regulation Introduction In multicellular organisms lacking adaptive immunity, such as plants, immune responses are often initiated in a cell-autonomous manner: each cell must independently perceive and counter pathogenic threats in the absence of mobile immune cells.1 While this view has shaped our understanding of early immune activation, it is now well...

ArticleOnline nowOpen access Affiliations & Notes 1State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China 2National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China 3Key Laboratory of Assisted Reproduction, Peking University, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China 4Beijing Key Laboratory of Collaborative Innovation in...

Keywords hadal zone metaproteome microbiome host-virus interaction in situ filtration global ocean ecosystem Introduction The hadal zone, encompassing oceanic regions from 6 km below sea level (b.s.l.) to the ultimate water depth of 11 km at the Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench (MT), represents one of Earth’s most extreme and least explored environments.1,2,3,4,5 These hadal environments, characterized by 60–115 MPa ultra-high hydrostatic pressure, darkness, near-freezing temperatures,...

Results To evaluate how antibiotic treatment and host immune condition interact to constrain or drive pathogen adaptation, we propagated S. pneumoniae populations of TIGR4, a virulent serotype 4 pneumococcal strain, in mice across three distinct immune states: immunocompetent, neutrophil-depleted, and macrophage-depleted (Figure 1A).

Keywords Lanthipeptides lanthivirins biosynthetic gene cluster natural products anti-phage defense chemical defense defense islands Actinobacteria Streptomyces phage DNA replication Get full text access Log in, subscribe or purchase for full access. References 1. Bérdy, J. Bioactive Microbial Metabolites J. Antibiot. (Tokyo). 2005; 58:1-26 2. van Bergeijk, D.A. ∙ Terlouw, B.R. ∙ Medema, M.H. ... Ecology and genomics of Actinobacteria: new concepts for natural product discovery Nat. Rev. Microbiol.

Introduction Hadal zones, representing ocean regions with water depth exceeding 6 km below sea level (b.s.l.), constitute the deepest places of Earth’s solid surface.1,2,3 Despite covering less than 1% of the global ocean area, hadal zones encompass 45% of the ocean’s total depth range and consist primarily of 37 hadal trenches located at convergent tectonic plate boundaries, extending down to 11 km b.s.l. at the Challenger Deep in the Mariana Trench.1,2,3 These trenches were formed through...

Keywords fecal microbiome transplantation microbiome microbiota Introduction The intricate relationship between the human host and its indigenous commensal populations, collectively termed the microbiome, impacts host metabolism,1 immunity,2 and a large variety of communicable and non-communicable diseases, ranging from neurodegenerative diseases (e.g., Parkinson’s disease [PD]) to cancer.1,3,4 One attractive feature of the microbiome and its host regulatory capacity is that, in contrast to...

Keywords antimicrobial discovery antibiotics antimicrobial resistance machine learning artificial intelligence Introduction The discovery and clinical application of antimicrobials revolutionized modern medicine throughout the 1940s and beyond.