Bhavesh N. Socha

The relative motion of interacting solid surfaces in natural and artificial systems have gained great interest by the fundamental and applied research communities. As friction and wear are experienced by almost every moving mechanical component, it is inevitable and result in mechanical failure, energy loss, and inefficient operations [1]. Every year, tribological (friction and wear) contacts account for ∼ 23 % of total energy consumption in worldwide [2].

Recently, the development of new types of quantum dots (QD) has received increasing attention to replace an inorganic QD due to their extremely toxic. Two-dimensional (2D) layered nanomaterials have aroused great choice in the last decades due to their properties and outstanding features. Among them, black phosphorus (BP) has nowadays gained significant interest.

Aqueous zinc ion batteries (AZIBs) have attracted wide attention due to their high theoretical gravimetric capacity (820 mAh/g) and volumetric capacity (5851 mAh cm−3), low redox potential (−0.76 V vs standard hydrogen electrode, SHE), abundant resources and high-biosecurity [1], [2], [3], [4], [5].