Bindusmita Paul

Keywords Asgard archaea eukaryogenesis evolution syntrophy microbial mats Shark Bay Introduction Approximately 2.3–2.1 bya,1 a dramatic increase in cellular complexity occurred: the emergence of eukaryotes.

Abstract DPANN archaea are an enigmatic superphylum that are difficult to isolate and culture in the laboratory due to their specific culture conditions and apparent ectosymbiotic lifestyle. Here we successfully isolated and cultivated a co-culture system of a novel Nanobdellota archaeon YN1 and its host Sulfurisphaera ohwakuensis YN1HA.

1 INTRODUCTION Prevotella intermedia is a Gram-negative, black-pigmented, nonmotile, rod-shaped bacterium. It predominantly colonizes subgingival regions as an obligate anaerobe and is notably linked with periodontitis. Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease primarily due to the accumulation of bacteria in dental plaque. It is characterized by progressive destruction of the tooth-supporting gum tissue and bone (Gasner & Schure, 2023). It has been reported that P.