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Articles by Bowen Sun
Task interruptions in STEM online courses: understanding the mechanisms of their impact on learning outcomes and user experience
Abstract STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) online education is increasingly characterized by high cognitive demands and complex interactive environments, which makes task interruptions a critical factor influencing both learning outcomes and user experience. This study examines the mechanisms of task interruptions in STEM online learning. We first used grounded theory to build a theoretical framework based on the Stressor-Strain-Outcome (SSO) model.
Scalable Ionogel-Based Thermochromic Smart Windows: Enhanced Solar Regulation, Weatherability, and Processability Click to copy article link Article link copied!
Cite Jump to ExpandCollapse Applications of Polymer, Composite, and Coating MaterialsJuly 3, 2026 Scalable Ionogel-Based Thermochromic Smart Windows: Enhanced Solar Regulation, Weatherability, and Processability Click to copy article linkArticle link copied! Zenan Jin Zenan Jin College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China SMARL Lab, Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiashan 314100, Zhejiang, China Bowen Sun...
Temporally super-resolved dispersive Fourier transformation spectroscopy
Abstract Dispersive Fourier transformation maps the spectrum of an optical pulse into the time domain via chromatic dispersion, enabling real-time, pulse-resolved spectral analysis with a single photodetector. This technique has unlocked new possibilities for single-shot measurements of transient phenomena in physics, photonics and biological systems.
Prognostic Value of miR-517c-3p in Lung Cancer and Its Regulatory Effect on Tumor Progression
J.Chen, Q.Ren, B.Sun, Y.Sun, H.Jiang, and J.Wang, “Prognostic Value of miR-517c-3p in Lung Cancer and Its Regulatory Effect on Tumor Progression,” APMIS134, no. 5 (2026): e70206, https://doi.org/10.1111/apm.70206. Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Data Availability Statement The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Chidamide synergizes with cisplatin-etoposide to trigger pyroptosis and anti-tumor immunity in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
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Abstract Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is an aggressive malignancy where many patients relapse after standard therapy, necessitating novel approaches. Pyroptosis is an inflammatory cell death that can stimulate antitumor immunity. Histone deacetylases are frequently overexpressed in DLBCL and contribute to immune evasion. This study investigates whether combining the HDAC inhibitor chidamide with cisplatin and etoposide induces pyroptosis and enhances antitumor immune responses.
By Jianbo Wu, Yingying Ye, Danyang Ran, Xing Wang, Hanwen Zhu, Hanmei Zhang, Fuqing Meng, Yalong Song, Zhiwei Li, Xiaoyuan Zhang, Yixin Qian, Hanrong Li, Xiaowei Tong, Bowen Sun, Xinya Li, Weimin Zhang, Huajun Wu, Yingjie Yu, Yunkun Dang, Fan Lai, Lijuan Deng, Yuqin Song, Jun Zhu, Yan Xie, Mi Deng, Peihuang Wu
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Nature
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Multi‐Physical Field Modulated P‐Bit Device Based on VO2 Thin Film
1 Introduction The probability bit (P-bit), an entity capable of fluctuating between the two Boolean states of 0 and 1, serves as the core unit of probabilistic computing [1, 2].
Interpretable group gated priority traces for scalarized multi-objective reinforcement learning in autonomous drone operations
ORIGINAL RESEARCH article Volume 12 - 2026 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fbuil.2026.1747709 This article is part of the Research TopicAI Foundation Models and Knowledge Engineering for Smart Construction and Infrastructure SystemsView all articles 1 Introduction While autonomous drones have been widely used for navigation, inspection, and monitoring in construction and infrastructure operations, deploying these drones effectively and safely in urban settings remains a significant challenge (Choi...
Metabolic syndrome promotes endometrial cancer by Oleic acid-mediated polyamine accumulation - Nature Communications
Abstract Metabolic syndrome increases the risk of endometrial cancer development and progression, but the mechanism remains unclear. We find that polyamine metabolites are notably elevated in the sera and tumor tissues of endometrial cancer patients with metabolic syndrome. Oleic acid, one of the many components in hyperlipidemia, is the key factor for upregulating Ornithine Decarboxylase 1 (ODC1) (the rate-limiting enzyme in polyamine metabolism) and downstream polyamines.
Mechanosensitive Piezo1 Channels Mediate Diaphragm Fibrosis Induced by Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation
1 Introduction As a key life support technology, mechanical ventilation (MV) has been widely utilized in intensive care units (ICUs) to effectively maintain the respiratory function of critically ill patients [1, 2]. However, prolonged MV can result in rapid diaphragmatic atrophy and contractile dysfunction, a condition collectively known as ventilator-induced diaphragmatic dysfunction (VIDD).
Multipurpose Transparent Nanocomposites for Gamma Spectroscopy, Pulse Shape Discrimination, Thermal Neutron Detection, Radiation Shielding, and High Refractive Index Applications
1 Introduction Existing materials may be used for either gamma scintillation, radiation shielding, neutron-gamma pulse shape discrimination (PSD), thermal neutron detection, or high refractive index applications. Certain materials have exhibited optimal performance for each of these applications, but none are able to achieve multiple functions. All of these applications require high loading for high performance.
Methanol steam reforming with samarium-stabilized copper sites for efficient hydrogen production
Keywords Cu/Al2O3 catalyst samarium oxide modification strong metal-support interaction methanol steam reforming deactivation regeneration Introduction Hydrogen is regarded as one of the most promising energy resources, with the potential to replace traditional fossil fuels due to its high mass-energy density and carbon-free combustion product.
Belief Update Modeling for AI Agents by Human-Derived Dual-Thresholds Evidence Accumulation Process
Get full access to this article View all available purchase options and get full access to this article. Data Availability Statement Some or all data, models, or code that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Acknowledgments This material is supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) under Grant FA9550-22-1-0492.
Enhancing the catalytic conversion of polysulfides utilizing covalent organic framework-carbon nanotube interlayer
Enhancing the catalytic conversion of polysulfides utilizing covalent organic framework-carbon nanotube interlayer Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries, characterized by their exceptionally high theoretical energy density of 2600 Wh kg⁻1, encounter significant challenges related to polysulfide shuttling and slow redox kinetics.
The Rise and Development of COF‐Based Materials for Alkali Metal Chalcogen Batteries: Current Status, Challenges, and Prospects
Conflict of Interest The authors declare no conflict of interest. References 1, , , , , , , , , , , Adv. Energy Mater. 2020, 10, 1904010. 2, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , Carbon Energy 2024, 6, 585. 3, , Energy Environ. Sci. 2025, 18, 3036. 4, , , , , , , , , , ACS Nano 2024, 18, 28. 5, , , , , , , , , , , , , Carbon Energy 2024, 6, 470. 6, , , , , , , , , Carbon Energy 2024, 6, 472. 7, , , , , , , , , ACS Nano 2024, 18, 17439. 8, , , , , , , , J. Energy Chem. 2023, 76, 528.
Rhynchophylline as an agonist of sirtuin 3 ameliorates endothelial dysfunction via antagonizing mitochondrial damage of endothelial progenitor cells
Supporting Information Filename Description bph70032-sup-0001-figure_S1.tifTIFF image, 548.8 KB FIGURE S1. Rhynchophylline alleviated endothelial damage in SHR. (a) Representative relaxation traces of thoracic aortas from different groups of rats. (b) The content of nitric oxide (NO) in rat serum (n = 6). (c) The content of endothelin-1 (ET-1) in rat serum (n = 6). Data are presented as mean ± SD. *P < .05; significantly different as indicated.
Research on Symmetry Optimization of Designer Requirements and Prototyping Platform Functionality in the Context of Agile Development
All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. For articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. For more information, please refer to https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess.
ZIF‐67/ZIF‐8 and its Derivatives for Lithium Sulfur Batteries
Conflict of Interest The authors declare no conflict of interest. References 1, , , , J. Mater. Chem. A 2019, 7, 3469. 2, , , , , , , , , , ACS Nano 2024, 18, 28. 3, , , , , , , , , ACS Nano 2024, 18, 17439. 4, , , , , , , , , , , Adv. Energy Mater. 2020, 10, 1904010. 5, , , , , , , , , , Adv. Funct. Mater. 2024, 34, 2307108. 6, , , , , , , , , , , Adv. Funct. Mater. 2024, 2402175. 7, , , , , , Adv. Mater. 2021, 33, 2003666. 8, , , , , Energy Storage Mater. 2019, 19, 1. 9, , , , , , , , , , , , , Adv. Energy Mater.
Varying Drivers of 2013-2017 Trends in PM2.5 Pollution over Different Regions in China
All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. For articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. For more information, please refer to https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess.
TRIM24 Cooperates with Ras Mutation to Drive Glioma Progression through snoRNA Recruitment of PHAX and DNA‐PKcs
1 Introduction Gliomas are the most common malignant primary intracranial tumors in adults with a poor prognosis and ineffective therapeutic options.[1-3] Collective analyses of genetic, epigenetic, and proteomic landscapes, as well as single-cell RNA profiling have identified multiple molecular subgroups with putative prognostic or predictive significance.[4, 5] However, the poor prognosis is compounded by the endemic problem of glioma progression.
Forest Biological Disaster Control Behaviors of Forest Farmers and Their Spatial Heterogeneity in China
All articles published by MDPI are made immediately available worldwide under an open access license. No special permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. For articles published under an open access Creative Common CC BY license, any part of the article may be reused without permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. For more information, please refer to https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess.
Role of miRNAs in neurovascular injury and repair
Get full access to this article View all access and purchase options for this article. References 1. Roitbak T. MicroRNAs and regeneration in animal models of CNS disorders. Neurochem Res 2020; 45: 188–203. 2. Bartel DP, Chen CZ. Micromanagers of gene expression: the potentially widespread influence of metazoan microRNAs. Nat Rev Genet 2004; 5: 396–400. 3. Sun W, Julie Li YS, Huang HD, et al. microRNA: a master regulator of cellular processes for bioengineering systems. Annu Rev Biomed Eng 2010; 12: 1–27.
LINC00115 promotes chemoresistant breast cancer stem-like cell stemness and metastasis through SETDB1/PLK3/HIF1α signaling - Molecular Cancer
MCF10A, MCF7, T47D, BT474, MDA-MB-453, BT549, MDA-MB-468, HCC1806, MDA-MB-231, and human embryonic kidney HEK-293T cell lines were purchased from the Chinese National Infrastructure of Cell Line Resource (Beijing, China). All human cell lines were authenticated using STR DNA fingerprinting at Shanghai Biowing Applied Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). MCF7, T47D, BT474, MDA-MB-453, BT549, MDA-MB-468, HCC1806, MDA-MB-231, and HEK-293T were maintained in DMEM supplemented with 10%FBS (Gibco).
Effects of Starch‐Lipid Complexes on Quality and Starch Digestibility of Wheat Noodles
Conflict of Interest The authors declare no conflict of interest. References 1, , , , , Crit. Rev. Food Sci. 2017, 57, 875. 2, , , , Carbohydr. Polym. 2022, 277, 118837. 3, , , , Food Hydrocoll. 2021, 113, 106543. 4, , , , , , , J. Agric. Food Chem. 2019, 67, 8212. 5, , , , , , Foods 2020, 9, 328. 6, , , , , Trends Food Sci. 2021, 111, 741. 7, , , , , Int. J. Food Sci. Technol. 2022, 57, 4936. 8, , , , Diabetologia 2013, 56, 2405. 9, , Food Chem. 2010, 119, 34. 10, , , Food Chem. 2017, 232, 571. 11, , , Int. J. Biol.
Forests | Free Full-Text | The Impact of the Urban Forest Park Recreation Environment and Perceived Satisfaction on Post-Tour Behavioral Intention-Using Tongzhou Grand Canal Forest Park as an Example
1. Introduction With the rapid development of modern society, people’s pace of life continues to accelerate, which has brought about an increase in various pressures. Against this background, urban forest parks have become an important place for recreationists and urban residents to rest [1]. Urban forest parks play an important role in recreation. The benefits for residents and urban residents include alleviating psychological stress [2] and improving the quality of life [3].
Rural Environmental Landscape Construction Based on Virtual Reality Technology
1. Introduction The rapid development of science and technology is the main theme of social civilization in the 21st century, which means that the boundaries between the concepts of science and technology and daily life are no longer clearly divided but extend into all aspects of life. The developing path of science and technology is expanding from precision and efficiency toward life and emotion [].
Contrastive Learning for Graph-Based Vessel Trajectory Similarity Computation
This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon. Open AccessArticle by 1, 1,* and 2 1 Digital Image and Intelligent Computation Lab, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China 2 Intelligent Science and Technology Lab, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai 201206, China * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. J. Mar. Sci. Eng.
Decoding the role of gut microbiota in Alzheimer’s pathogenesis and envisioning future therapeutic avenues
1. Introduction Alzheimer’s disease (AD) represents a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the degeneration of cognitive domains, encompassing but not confined to memory, language, visual–spatial function, and executive abilities.
Covalent Organic Frameworks: Their Composites and Derivatives for Rechargeable Metal-Ion Batteries
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have attracted considerable interest in the field of rechargeable batteries owing to their three-dimensional (3D) varied pore sizes, inerratic porous structures, abundant redox-active sites, and customizable structure-adjustable frameworks.
Risk assessment of SARS-CoV-2 replicating and evolving in animals
Highlights A large number of mammals are susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, and many of them were infected through contacts with humans. These were mostly sporadic infections, but in farmed mink and free-ranging white-tailed deer, SARS-CoV-2 has spread through the population. There are also reports that humans have been infected with SARS-CoV-2 through animals such as Syrian hamsters, mink, and cats.
An Overview of Minimally Invasive Surgery Robots from the Perspective of Human-Computer Interaction Design
Abstract : In order to streamline and summarize the status quo of human–computer interaction (HCI) design research in minimally invasive surgery robots, and to inspire and promote in-depth design research in related fields, this study utilizes literature research methods, inductive summarizing methods, and comparative analysis methods to analyze and organize the usage scenarios, users, interaction content and form, and relevant design methods of minimally invasive surgery robots, with the...
Generalized Terahertz Perfect Vortices with Transmutable Intensity Profiles Based on Spin‐Decoupled Geometric Metasurfaces
Abstract Perfect vortex beams (PVBs) possessing orbital angular momentum (OAM) and constant intensity profile enable practical applications in information encoding and transmission due to an unbounded number of orthogonal OAM channels and fixed annular intensity distributions. Geometric metasurfaces, which are 2D counterparts of metamaterials, have provided an ultra-compact platform to flexibly design perfect vortex beams in a single flat device.
Multimodal MRI study of the relationship between plaque characteristics and hypoperfusion in patients with transient ischemic attack
Introduction Transient ischemic attack (TIA) is an episode of transient neurological dysfunction without evidence of acute cerebral infarction (1). In Asian populations, intracranial atherosclerotic disease, particularly middle cerebral artery (MCA) atherosclerosis, is the most common cause of acute ischemic stroke and TIA (2, 3). Approximately half of TIA patients experience a stroke within the first 48 h, and the rate of stroke within 90 days can reach 10%–15% (4).
Heterogeneity of CD40 expression in endometrial cancer
Back to Journals » Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management » Volume 19 Authors Zhao N, Sun B, Cheng Y, Wang J Received 5 May 2023 Accepted for publication 19 June 2023 Published 29 June 2023 Volume 2023:19 Pages 549—556 DOI https://doi.org/10.2147/TCRM.S416220 Checked for plagiarism Yes Review by Single anonymous peer review Peer reviewer comments 2 Editor who approved publication: Dr Deyun Wang Na Zhao,1,2,* Bowen Sun,1,* Yuan Cheng,1 Jianliu Wang1 1Department of Gynecology and...
Sustainability | Free Full-Text | Countermeasures for Improving Rural Living Environments under the Background of a Rural Revitalization Strategy Based on Computer Virtualization Technology
Open AccessArticle by Bowen Sun 1, Husheng Pan 1 and Shanshan Shao 2,* 1 Academy of Arts & Design, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China 2 School of Chinese Language and Literature, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, China * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Universal assembly of ordered Ag nanowires micromesh conductor on arbitrary substrates by manipulating the contact angle
Universal assembly of ordered Ag nanowires micromesh conductor on arbitrary substrates by manipulating the contact angle Bowen Sun, jing xu, wang hong, Zhiwei Fu, Shouguo Zheng, Zede Zhu, Rong Cai and Kai Qian Abstract To obtain remarkable electrical homogeneity and thermal stability Ag nanowires (Ag NWs) conductor by depositing nanowires uniformly to reduce the local hot spots is desirable in many optoelectronics applications.
Automatic Ship Object Detection Model Based on YOLOv4 with Transformer Mechanism in Remote Sensing Images
This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Spectroelectrochemically determined energy levels of PM6:Y6 blends and their relevance to solar cell performance
Spectroelectrochemically determined energy levels of PM6:Y6 blends and their relevance to solar cell performance† David Neusser,a Bowen Sun,b Wen Liang Tan,c Lars Thomsen,d Thorsten Schultz, e Lorena Perdigón-Toro,f Norbert Koch, eg Safa Shoaee, b Christopher R.
Determination of the charge carrier density in organic solar cells: A tutorial
Then, it is possible to calculate the differential capacitance Cdif, once ΔVOC and ΔQ have been determined for several background illuminations and, thus, open-circuit voltages VOC. Here it should be noted that, Cdif(VOC)=ΔQΔVOC(VOC)=Cμ(VOC)+Cg, (8) where Cμ is the chemical capacitance and Cg is the geometric capacitance, as described in more detail in Sec. II B.5151. D. Credgington, S.-W. Liu, J. Nelson, and J. R.
Efficient spatial charge separation in unique 2D tandem heterojunction CdxZn1−xIn2S4-CdS-MoS2 rendering highly-promoted visible-light-induced H2 generation - Journal of Materials Chemistry A (RSC Publishing)
Efficient spatial charge separation in unique 2D tandem heterojunction CdxZn1−xIn2S4–CdS–MoS2 rendering highly-promoted visible-light-induced H2 generation† Jiakun Wu,‡a Bowen Sun,‡a Hui Wang,c Yanyan Li,a Ying Zuo,d Wenjing Wang,a Haifeng Lin, *a Shaoxiang Lib and Lei Wang *ab Author affiliations * Corresponding authors a Key Laboratory of Eco-chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Optic-electric Sensing and Analytical Chemistry of Life Science, Taishan Scholar Advantage and Characteristic...
Efficient spatial charge separation in unique 2D tandem heterojunction CdxZn1-xIn2S4-CdS-MoS2 rendering highly-promoted visible-light-induced H2 generation
Efficient spatial charge separation in unique 2D tandem heterojunction CdxZn1-xIn2S4-CdS-MoS2 rendering highly-promoted visible-light-induced H2 generation Two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor nanostructures have exhibited great prospect as an efficient photocatalyst for solar-to-fuel application.
Integration of daytime radiative cooling and solar heating for year-round energy saving in buildings
Abstract The heating and cooling energy consumption of buildings accounts for about 15% of national total energy consumption in the United States. In response to this challenge, many promising technologies with minimum carbon footprint have been proposed. However, most of the approaches are static and monofunctional, which can only reduce building energy consumption in certain conditions and climate zones.
Zinc oxide/nanoporous carbon hybrid materials derived from metal-organic frameworks with different dielectric and absorption performances
Zinc oxide/nanoporous carbon hybrid materials derived from metal-organic frameworks with different dielectric and absorption performances Xiaohui Liang, Xin Xu, Zengming Man, Bin Quan, Bowen Sun, Jiabin Chen, Weihua Gu and Guangbin Ji Abstract Different kinds of hetero-structured ZnO/nanoporous carbon (NPC) composites with enhanced microwave absorption properties have been designed through a self-templated route by using zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-8) as raw materials.
Surface Hydroxylated Hematite Promotes Photoinduced Hole Transfer for Water Oxidation
Surface Hydroxylated Hematite Promotes Photoinduced Hole Transfer for Water Oxidation Hematite is a promising photoanode material for photoelectrochemical water splitting, however, its solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiencies are significantly lower than the theoretical value calculated based on its bandgap energy. The poor transfer efficiency of photoinduced holes to water to generate oxygen is one of the major limiting steps.
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