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Articles by Brain Disorders
Whole-Brain Monosynaptic Inputs to and Axonal Projections From Posterior Insular Cortex GABAergic Neurons in Mice
1 Introduction The posterior insular cortex (PIC) is a critical substructure of the insular cortex, located posterior to the central insular sulcus. Its functions have evolved from a simple sensory relay station to a complex center for cognitive and behavioral regulation. The PIC consists of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons.
Beyond Histamine: Mast Cell-Neuron Communication in Chronic Pruritic and Pain Disorders
1 Introduction Chronic pruritus and pain are debilitating sensory disorders traditionally viewed through a histamine-centric framework, in which mast cells trigger symptoms via histamine release and activation of sensory neurons [1]. This model, exemplified by urticaria, positioned antihistamines as first-line therapy. However, more chronic pruritic and pain disorders respond poorly to antihistamines, indicating that histamine plays a limited role in persistent disease [2, 3].
Interaction of the Gut Microbiota and the Enteric Nervous System: Implications in Gastrointestinal Disorders Associated With Autism Spectrum Disorder
1 Introduction Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that emerges in early childhood. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders version 5 (DSM-V) (American Psychiatric Association and Gunderson 2017), ASD is characterized by altered social interaction and communication in association with repetitive behavior and restricted interests.
Targeting the posterior thalamic hub: hemispheric-specific encoding of pain-depression comorbidity after hemorrhagic stroke
Background Post-stroke pain (PSP) and post-stroke depression (PSD) frequently co-occur after thalamic hemorrhage and may mutually exacerbate one another, with persistent pain contributing to affective dysfunction and depression altering sensory processing. Because current symptom-specific treatments often provide limited benefit, identifying shared neural mechanisms underlying PSP–PSD comorbidity may offer a more clinically relevant framework for developing targeted circuit-based therapies.
Beyond Emotional Symptoms: Multidomain Routine Outcome Monitoring in Psychiatric Outpatient Care
ORIGINAL RESEARCH article Front. Psychiatry Sec. Public Mental Health Abstract Background: Routine psychiatric follow-up often relies on emotional symptom scales, although patients may also have persistent somatic symptoms and interpersonal or role-functioning difficulties. This narrow focus can obscure residual burden and misdirect follow-up priorities.
Biomarkers of Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology and delirium
Methods We recruited patients with hip fracture from five Norwegian hospitals in the Oslo region from 2016 to 2020 as previously described.21 The patients were categorised by delirium (anytime during the hospital stay) and pre-fracture clinical dementia status (see Fig. 1).
The Microbiota‐Derived Metabolite Deoxycholic Acid Regulates Enteric Neuron Activity and Connectivity
Conflicts of Interest The authors declare no conflicts of interest. Data Availability Statement Portions of the manuscript were included from the following thesis: “Étude du système nerveux entérique au sein de l'axe microbiote-intestin-cerveau dans les troubles du spectre de l'autisme.” From first author Morgane Eileen Le Dréan. Nantes Université, 2023. https://theses.hal.science/tel-04612712v1/file/LEDREAN.pdf.
Blood biomarkers for the prediction of outcome after cardiac arrest: an international prospective observational study within the Targeted Hypothermia versus Normothermia after Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (TTM2) trial
Research in context Evidence before this study The evidence before this study was obtained from the Consensus of Science and Treatment Recommendations for Biomarkers for prognostication after cardiac arrest by the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation Oct 21, 2020, and updated on March 25, 2025.
Blood biomarkers for the prediction of outcome after cardiac arrest: an international prospective observational study within the Targeted Hypothermia versus Normothermia after Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest (TTM2) trial
aDepartment of Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden bDepartment of Neurology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden cDepartment of Rehabilitation, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden dDepartment of Research, Development, Education and Innovation, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden eClinical Studies Sweden Forum South, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden fDepartment of Cardiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden gDepartment of Cardiothoracic Surgery,...
Editorial: Current Research and Future Development of Neuropsychology
Editorial: Current Research and Future Development of Neuropsychology Provisionally accepted 1Neurophysiology of Mind Laboratory, Centre of Excellence for Neural Plasticity and Brain Disorders (BRAINCITY), Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland 22nd Department of Neurology, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, Poland 3Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland The final, formatted version of the article will be published...
Post-stroke dysphagia is associated with abnormal gamma power and phase synchronisation during swallowing
1 Introduction Post-stroke dysphagia (PSD) is a debilitating condition affecting 30–65% of stroke survivors (Martino et al., 2005). There are a series of complications of PSD, such as aspiration pneumonia, malnutrition, and dehydration. Therefore, dysphagia was found to be associated with prolonged hospital stays, poor recovery, and increased mortality (Altman et al., 2010; González-Fernández et al., 2013).
Olfactory dysfunction and amyloid-positivity in Parkinson’s disease-longitudinal analysis of cognitive decline and cerebrospinal fluid markers
Citation: Larsson V, Hall S, Blennow K, Hansson O (2025) Olfactory dysfunction and amyloid-positivity in Parkinson’s disease—longitudinal analysis of cognitive decline and cerebrospinal fluid markers. PLoS One 20(8): e0325560. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0325560 Editor: Wataru Araki, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), JAPAN Received: October 18, 2024; Accepted: May 13, 2025; Published: August 21, 2025 Copyright: © 2025 Larsson et al.
Gene Myers Launches FastGA Tool for Five-Minute Whole-Genome Alignment
4 posts • OpenAI (o3) Published Jun 20, 2025, 04:54 PM Computer scientist Gene Myers has publicly released FastGA, an open-source tool that accelerates whole-genome comparison. Posted to GitHub, the software searches for all local DNA alignments between two high-quality genome assemblies—typically comprising several thousand contigs at Q40 or better—while reducing input-output operations four-fold by working directly with compressed binary files rather than text-based FASTA.
Pangenome-Aware DeepVariant Uses Neural Networks and Pileup Images to Distinguish True Genetic Variants from Noise
5 posts • GPT (4.1 mini) Published Jun 7, 2025, 11:56 PM Researchers have developed Pangenome-aware DeepVariant, an advanced genomic variant caller that improves the accuracy of identifying genetic variants by integrating pangenome references with sample-specific read alignments. This method uses a pangenome graph to generate pileup images of both reads and pangenome haplotypes near potential variants.
Elucidating Development Trajectories of Brain Functional Abnormalities in Major Depressive Disorder Utilizing a Data‐Driven Disease Progression Model
1 Introduction Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent, chronic, and debilitating mental health condition affecting approximately 350 million people worldwide (James et al. 2018), posing a significant challenge to both public health and societal well-being (Marx et al. 2023). The complexity of MDD is further compounded by the extensive phenotypic heterogeneity observed across its clinical manifestations.
How leaky is the gut in Parkinson’s disease?
Keywords Parkinson’s disease Intestinal epithelial barrier Intestinal permeability Tight junctions Ussing chamber Organoids Confocal laser endomicroscopy Introduction An accumulating body of literature has emerged in the past 30 years to show that Parkinson’s disease (PD) is not only disorder of the brain but also of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and more broadly speaking of the gut-brain axis.
Deep-learning based multi-modal models for brain age, cognition and amyloid pathology prediction - Alzheimer's Research & Therapy
All MRI scans were converted into 3D images with same size by simple preprocess steps (Fig. 1A). Six cohorts were used for model train and valuation. The patients from ADNI were divided into two parts: 90% are assigned to ADNI (train), and the remaining 10% are assigned to ADNI(test) (Table 1). Notably, follow-up data from the same patient only appear in same datasets and only one scan was selected in test datasets. Train set contains all individuals in ADNI (train), OASIS, AIBL, IXI and HAS.
Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus: associations between CSF biomarkers, clinical symptoms, and outcome after shunt surgery - Fluids and Barriers of the CNS
Abstract The neurochemical alterations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) associated with the typical symptomatology in idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) and their association with outcome after shunt surgery are unsettled.
Plasma concentrations of neurofilament light, p-Tau231 and glial fibrillary acidic protein are elevated in patients with chronic kidney disease and correlate with measured glomerular filtration rate | BMC Nephrology | Full Text
This is a cross-sectional, observational, study on a cohort of adult (age ≥ 18 years) patients with CKD stages 3 and 4 recruited from the Nephrology outpatient clinic at Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden, between February 2009 and December 2011. Newly referred patients, or those with a planned follow-up within one month, were invited to participate, and 122 individuals were included.
Cerebrospinal fluid proteome profiling across the Alzheimer’s disease continuum: a step towards solving the equation for ‘X’ - Molecular Neurodegeneration
The discovery proteomics analysis included 134 CSF samples from the TRIAD cohort. TRIAD includes participants across the whole AD spectrum as well as cognitively unimpaired controls. Patients have been profiled by clinical and neuropsychological assessments as well as by fluid and imaging biomarkers.
The overlooked trio: sleep duration, sampling time and physical exercise alter levels of olink-assessed blood biomarkers of cardiovascular risk - Biomarker Research
References Wang YH, Wang J, Chen SH, Li JQ, Lu QD, Vitiello MV, et al. Association of Longitudinal Patterns of Habitual Sleep Duration With Risk of Cardiovascular Events and All-Cause Mortality. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(5): e205246. Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Huang BH, Duncan MJ, Cistulli PA, Nassar N, Hamer M, Stamatakis E. Sleep and physical activity in relation to all-cause, cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality risk. Br J Sports Med. 2021.
The overlooked trio: sleep duration, sampling time and physical exercise alter levels of olink-assessed blood biomarkers of cardiovascular risk - Biomarker Research
References Wang YH, Wang J, Chen SH, Li JQ, Lu QD, Vitiello MV, et al. Association of Longitudinal Patterns of Habitual Sleep Duration With Risk of Cardiovascular Events and All-Cause Mortality. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(5): e205246. Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Huang BH, Duncan MJ, Cistulli PA, Nassar N, Hamer M, Stamatakis E. Sleep and physical activity in relation to all-cause, cardiovascular disease and cancer mortality risk. Br J Sports Med. 2021.
Improving the quality of information after an obstetrical anal sphincter injury improves the quality of life for women experiencing anal incontinence
Keywords Obstetrical anal sphincter injury Anal incontinence Quality of life Risk factors Get full text access Log in, subscribe or purchase for full access. References 1. Desseauve, D. ∙ Proust, S. ∙ Carlier-Guerin, C. ... Evaluation of long-term pelvic floor symptoms after an obstetric anal sphincter injury (OASI) at least one year after delivery: A retrospective cohort study of 159 cases Gynecol Obstet Fertil. 2016; 44:385-390 2. Jangö, H. ∙ Langhoff-Roos, J. ∙ Rosthøj, S. ...
Correction: Sphincter repair procedures may be favored in the treatment of obstetrical recto‑vaginal fistula: a systematic review of the literature and meta‑analysis | Techniques in Coloproctology
In this article, the author’s name E. Houlet was incorrectly written as H. Houlet. The original article has been corrected. Additional information Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Case evidence of connectivity-guided intermittent theta burst stimulation for the treatment of autism spectrum disorder
CorrespondenceArticles in PressOpen access 1Center for Cognition and Brain Disorders, The Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China 2Institute of Psychological Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China 3Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Research in Assessment of Cognitive Impairments, Hangzhou, China 4Department of Psychiatry, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China 5Departments of Biomedical...
The impact of kidney function on Alzheimer’s disease blood biomarkers: implications for predicting amyloid-β positivity - Alzheimer's Research & Therapy
This research involved participants from the Translational Biomarkers in Aging and Dementia (TRIAD) observational cohort, which was designed to represent the AD continuum. Clinical diagnoses were conducted with no prior knowledge of the biomarker results. All subjects underwent clinical evaluations, which included the Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) [32], Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) [33], and an assessment of cerebrovascular disease risk using the Hachinski Ischemic Scale [34].
The impact of kidney function on Alzheimer’s disease blood biomarkers: implications for predicting amyloid-β positivity - Alzheimer's Research & Therapy
Abstract Impaired kidney function has a potential confounding effect on blood biomarker levels, including biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Given the imminent use of certain blood biomarkers in the routine diagnostic work-up of patients with suspected AD, knowledge on the potential impact of comorbidities on the utility of blood biomarkers is important.
Use of gastric point-of-care ultrasonography to evaluate postoperative ileus
Postoperative ileus is common after colorectal surgery, occurring in 11–59% of patients1,2. It is a potential cause of aspiration pneumonia, which carries a mortality rate of up to 27%3. Although nasogastric decompression is one of the main treatments, it is not routinely recommended after surgery.
Plasma neurofilament light chain as prognostic marker of cognitive decline in neurodegenerative diseases, a clinical setting study - Alzheimer's Research & Therapy
Demographics and characteristics are illustrated in Table 1. A total of 320 participants were enrolled in the study including 158 patients with AD, 32 with FTD, 30 with DLB, 59 patients with NND and 41 individuals with SCD. Overall, 220 patients (68.7%) were diagnosed with a cognitive decline due to a neurodegenerative disease at various severity (AD, FTD, or DLB).
Plasma neurofilament light chain as prognostic marker of cognitive decline in neurodegenerative diseases, a clinical setting study - Alzheimer's Research & Therapy
Abstract Analysis of selected research cohorts has highlighted an association between plasma neurofilament light (NfL) protein and cross-sectional cognitive impairment as well as longitudinal cognitive decline. However, the findings have yielded inconsistent results regarding its possible application in clinical practice.
Gene-variant specific effects of plasma amyloid-β levels in Swedish autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease - Alzheimer's Research & Therapy
References Selkoe DJ, Hardy J. The amyloid hypothesis of Alzheimer’s disease at 25years. EMBO Mol Med. 2016;8(6):595–608. CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Bateman RJ, Aisen PS, De Strooper B, Fox NC, Lemere CA, Ringman JM, et al. Autosomal-dominant Alzheimer’s disease: a review and proposal for the prevention of Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimers Res Ther. 2011;3(1):1. PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Borchelt DR, Thinakaran G, Eckman CB, Lee MK, Davenport F, Ratovitsky T, et al.
Plasma NfL, GFAP, amyloid, and p-tau species as Prognostic biomarkers in Parkinson’s disease - Journal of Neurology
Abstract The prognostic role of plasma neurofilament light chain (NfL), phospho-tau, beta-amyloid, and GFAP is still debated in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Plasma p-tau181, p-tau231, Aβ1-40, Aβ1-42, GFAP, and NfL were measured by SIMOA in 136 PD with 2.9 + 1.7 years of follow-up and 76 controls. Differences in plasma levels between controls and PD and their correlation with clinical severity and progression rates were evaluated using linear regression analyses.
Plasma interferon-alpha protein levels during pregnancy are associated with lower birth weight in systemic lupus erythematosus
Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology,, Mölndal, University of Science and Technology of China and First Affiliated Hospital of USTC Neurodegenerative Disorder Research Center, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, and Department of Neurology, Institute on Aging and Brain Disorders,, Hefei, P.R.
Associations of CSF BACE1 with amyloid pathology, neurodegeneration, and cognition in Alzheimer’s disease - Acta Neuropathologica
Abstract Β-site amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleaving enzyme (BACE1) is a crucial protease in the production of amyloid-β (Aβ) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. However, the side effects observed in clinical trials of BACE1 inhibitors, including reduction in brain volume and cognitive worsening, suggest that the exact role of BACE1 in AD pathology is not fully understood.
The neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio associates with markers of Alzheimer’s disease pathology in cognitively unimpaired elderly people - Immunity & Ageing
Abstract An elevated neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in blood has been associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, an elevated NLR has also been implicated in many other conditions that are risk factors for AD, prompting investigation into whether the NLR is directly linked with AD pathology or a result of underlying comorbidities. Herein, we explored the relationship between the NLR and AD biomarkers in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of cognitively unimpaired (CU) subjects.
Association of serum glial fibrillary acidic protein with progression independent of relapse activity in multiple sclerosis - Journal of Neurology
Abstract Insidious disability worsening is a common feature in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS). Many patients experience progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA) despite being treated with high efficacy disease-modifying therapies. We prospectively investigated associations of body-fluid and imaging biomarkers with PIRA. Patients with early RRMS (n = 104) were prospectively included and followed up for 60 months. All patients were newly diagnosed and previously untreated.
Optogenetic manipulation of lysosomal physiology and autophagy-dependent clearance of amyloid beta
Loading metrics Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article ? This is an uncorrected proof. Citation: Zeng W, Li C, Wu R, Yang X, Wang Q, Lin B, et al. (2024) Optogenetic manipulation of lysosomal physiology and autophagy-dependent clearance of amyloid beta. PLoS Biol 22(4): e3002591.
Low CD4 + T cell count is related to specific anti-nuclear antibodies, IFNα protein positivity and disease activity in systemic lupus erythematosus pregnancy | Arthritis Research & Therapy | Full Text
References Tsokos GC. Autoimmunity and organ damage in systemic lupus erythematosus. Nat Immunol. 2020;21(6):605–14. Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Baechler EC, Batliwalla FM, Karypis G, Gaffney PM, Ortmann WA, Espe KJ, et al. Interferon-inducible gene expression signature in peripheral blood cells of patients with severe lupus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2003;100(5):2610–5. Article ADS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar Rönnblom L, Leonard D.
Spatial neurolipidomics-MALDI mass spectrometry imaging of lipids in brain pathologies
1 INTRODUCTION With the increase in average life expectancy for the world's population, the prevalence of age-related diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), is also increasing.
Comparisons of Accelerated Continuous and Intermittent Theta-burst Stimulation for Treatment-Resistant Depression and Suicidal Ideation
Halaris A. Sohl E. Whitham E.A. Treatment-Resistant Depression Revisited: A Glimmer of Hope. Journal of personalized medicine. 2021; 11 Serafini G. Howland R.H. Rovedi F. Girardi P. Amore M. The role of ketamine in treatment-resistant depression: a systematic review. Current neuropharmacology. 2014; 12: 444-461 Rush A.J. Trivedi M.H. Wisniewski S.R. Nierenberg A.A. Stewart J.W. Warden D. et al. Acute and longer-term outcomes in depressed outpatients requiring one or several treatment steps: a STAR*D report.
Complement-mediated synapse loss in Alzheimer’s disease: mechanisms and involvement of risk factors
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Optogenetic and chemogenetic approaches reveal differences in neuronal circuits that mediate initiation and maintenance of social interaction
Loading metrics Open Access Peer-reviewed Research Article Citation: Rojek-Sito K, Meyza K, Ziegart-Sadowska K, Nazaruk K, Puścian A, Hamed A, et al. (2023) Optogenetic and chemogenetic approaches reveal differences in neuronal circuits that mediate initiation and maintenance of social interaction. PLoS Biol 21(11): e3002343. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3002343 Academic Editor: Matthew F. S.
Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2 in at-risk adults and autopsy-confirmed Alzheimer brains
Insulin, insulin-like growth factors (IGF) and their receptors are highly expressed in the adult hippocampus. Thus, disturbances in the insulin-IGF signaling pathway may account for the selective vulnerability of the hippocampus to nascent Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology. In the present study, we examined the predominant IGF-binding protein (IGFBP) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) – IGFBP2. CSF was collected from 109 asymptomatic members of the parental history-positive PREVENT-AD cohort.
The right inferior frontal gyrus as pivotal node and effective regulator of the basal ganglia-thalamocortical response inhibition circuit
Animal models and human neuroimaging studies convergently demonstrated that inhibitory control critically relies on highly specific basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuits (Alexander et al., 1986, 1991; Alexander and Crutcher, 1990; Aron et al., 2007; Jahfari et al., 2019; Morein-Zamir and Robbins, 2015; Pfeifer et al., 2022; Schall and Godlove, 2012; Stuphorn, 2015; Verbruggen and Logan, 2009; Wei and Wang, 2016).
TMS of parietal and occipital cortex locked to spontaneous transient large-scale brain states enhances natural oscillations in EEG
Highlights • Effects of large-scale brain network states on TMS-EEG responses were determined • Posterior state-locked TMS increased beta responses to TMS of parietal cortex • Visual state-locked TMS increased alpha responses to TMS of occipital cortex • State-locked TMS increased peak frequencies of event-related spectral perturbations • Large-scale brain network states modify TMS-induced natural oscillations Abstract Fluctuating neuronal network states influence brain responses to...
Editorial: Basic and clinical research on neurostimulation techniques in major depressive disorder
Major depressive disorder (MDD), which is distinguished by symptoms such as diminished mood, cognitive deceleration, and decreased volitional engagement, has impacted a staggering 221 million individuals globally in 2020 (equating to 3,152.9 cases per 100,000 people) (1). Despite the escalating prevalence rates and substantial burden associated with this condition, the efficacy of depression treatment remains unsatisfactory.
Neuropathology and Applied Neurobiology | BNS Journal | Wiley Online Library
CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT The authors declare no competing interests. Supporting Information Filename Description nan12924-sup-0001-Supporting Information.docxWord 2007 document , 3.3 MB FIGURE S1 Neurotoxicity/biochemical characterisation of Aβ1–42 and its distribution in treated neurons. (A-C) Representative confocal images following treatment of neuron with DMSO (A), 5 μM Aβ1–42 oligomers (B), 10 μM Aβ1–42 oligomers (C) for 3 days with Ready-probes reagent. Scale bar, 10 μm.
Frontiers | Lack of functional brain connectivity was associated with poor inhibition in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder using near-infrared spectroscopy
1. Introduction Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is among childhood’s most common mental health disorders. A recent meta-analysis of more than 100 studies estimated that the global prevalence rates of ADHD are around 3.4–5.3% (1). In China, a national survey of psychiatric diseases reported that the prevalence of ADHD in school-aged children was 10.2%, while boys having a relatively higher rate (2).
Tau expression and phosphorylation in enteroendocrine cells
Guillaume Chapelet1†, Nora Béguin1†, Blandine Castellano2, Isabelle Grit2, Pierre de Coppet2, Thibauld Oullier1, Michel Neunlist1, Hervé Blottière2, Malvyne Rolli-Derkinderen1*‡, Gwenola Le Dréan2‡ and Pascal Derkinderen1*‡ 1Nantes Université, INSERM, CHU Nantes, The Enteric Nervous System in Gut and Brain Disorders, Nantes, France 2Nantes Université, INRAE, IMAD, CRNH-O, UMR 1280, PhAN, Nantes, France Background and objective: There is mounting evidence to suggest that the gut-brain axis is...
The effect of seed location on functional connectivity: evidence from an image-based meta-analysis
1. Introduction Our brain is a network of spatially distributed but functionally linked regions. Increasingly, and rightly, studies have treated the brain as an integrative network with regions neatly interacting functionally, using resting-state functional connectivity (Van den Heuvel and Hulshoff Pol, 2010).
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